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![]() The 80s was the era of Doordarshan with soaps like Hum Log, Buniyaad and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi which made Doordarshan a household name. Circus, Gul Gulshan Gulfam and Nukkad are some of the serials that come instantly to my mind when I think of the good old days of Doordarshan. Those were phenomenal days when people gathered in crowds to watch the telecast of these serials. The characters of Ramayan and Mahabharat were almost worshiped like God and Goddess throughout the country. Other popular programs included Hindi film songs based programs like Chitrahaar and Rangoli and crime thrillers like Karamchand, Byomkesh Bakshi, Tehkikaat and Janki Jasoos. This is the big list of Old Doordarshan TV shows and serials. 24 Hi guys.lovely to go back in time,black and white televisions,everyone waiting so eagerly for their favourite serials (wel they were all good or may be we didnt had any choice or option )but they all were great and super,I am looking for one particular serial MULLAH NASEERUDDIN which was made by Doordarshan in collaboration with Russians or Tajikistan? ![]() Kuch Is Tarah Drama Title Song -- PTV Drama. All; Like 0; Dislike 0. About Advertise Copyright Protection DMCA FAQs Contact Blog Terms Privacy Jobs White hat Clients Partnership Downloads Features Verified Badge. Powered by ClipBucket & Control Web Jeevay Pakistan © Tune.pk 2017. Kuchh Is Tara – Sony Tv Serial Song Downloads. January 2, 2016| Leave a comment. Kuchh Is Tara Title Song (Hoga Hoga Yeh Jahaan Kadmo Me Mere Kuchh Is Tara) Note 1: This is the Index Page for all Songs of 'Kuchh Is Tara serial – Sony Tv'. All Songs which are added in the site will be updated here. With RAGHUVIR YADAV as the main character.If anyone knows about any link or may be sites who are selling the DVDs,PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE let me know. 51 Hi Abhi, Nice to see that there are people who do rember baba papa and Giant robot. Well I want to know the name of a very Humorous English movie (perhaps black and white) telecasted some time between 1987-1989 when i was in class 7th, 8th or 9th in which lots of planes were shown flying in a race in late night series on Friday or Saturday which was having a bit of of adult content rating at that time. Today the ‘A’ rating has progressed a lot and i would now rate it U and like to arrange a copy of that movie for my kids. Any body who might have happen to see that movie and just rembers name may just mail me the name of the movie at my email id. Thanks, Pankaj. 97 Pleeeeease. If any one know about this cartoon, then please let me know There was a girl who will talk at special occassions(i clearly dnt know abt it.) there was a witch in this cartoon, a bird which is a boy who is actually related to the girl. At the end of the serial(i think) the witch tease the girl with a needle at her feet for her to speak. But she wont because the boy will be a bird forever she also has the habit of sewing dresses. If anybody knows about this toon give me the name of it pleaseeee. 125 hey friends! Jab bhi hum doordarshan ki baat karten hain hume amara bachapan yaad aa jata hai. Jab hamara bachapan beet raha tha tab shayad kisi ne socha bhi na hoga ki is tarah se hum ise yaad karenge. Sach mein doordashan kaal ek sunehra kaal tha, aaj bhalle hi hazaron chanel aa gaye hon, har roj 10 movies aa rahi hon lekin jo exictment sunday 5.45 ki movie ke intejar mein hoti thi voh aaj kahan? DD1 ke bina humara bachapan kaise hota? DD1 is the best channel of my life i can say. I love dd1, I love all the programmes & missed all the programme if u feel so kindly talk to me as uner. 136 please give the name of teleflim in which the boy mother is getting sick and always remain on bed while the boy father gets married with other women and bring her at home.but the boy always get anger with his dada for getting another mother to him. One day mother was going to die she sing a song before she dies to his son, the song was chotisi hain meri kagaz ki naav kagaaz ki nav. She makes a paper boat to him before she dies. So pls give me this information pls all of u of 1990s DD SERIAL LOVERS. 139 heyyyyy im desperately trying to look for the title of a hindi serial. Infact i live in Mauritiusand the hindi show used to be broadcast during the 1990s. There used to be a hosthe used to introduce either a girl or a boy, who was hidden by a curtain drom 3 boys or girls.then the person introduced by the host used to ask questions to the 3 girls/ boys.@ the end the girl/ boy used to choose 1 boy/girl from the 3 contestants. What show was it? I also know the host is an actor who used to play in hindi serials and films.i remember his face but his name escapes me.pliz plizzzzz plizzzzhope i can get an answer!! 172 Hello, I like the actress neha whose real name shabana raza who acted the films like *Kareeb:: 1998 *Hogi Pyaar Ki Jeet:: 1999 *Fiza:: 2000 *Rahul:: 2001 *Ehsaas: The Feeling:: 2001 *Kranti:: 2002 *Muskaan:: 2004 *Karam:: 2005 *Koi Mere Dil Mein Hai:: 2005 *Aatma:: 2006 *Alli Thandha Vaanam(tamil):: 2001 she alo anchor TV shows like DD Metro’s filmi roadshow, Public Choice etc. I dont know the others. But i want to see these TV shows & films how can i get it?? I have been searched for torrent and i didn’t get. Please help me!!! And i also expecting more informations about her please mail me one thing i know that she is actor manoj bajpayee’s wife. Frnds if you read this and know any thing please!!!!!!!!! Mail me.my mail-ID. 188 Dear Friends It bring much pleasure for me to announce that the UDAAN serial is now available on DVD for many of you it will be treat to your eyes and satisfaction to your senses. Today within 12 hours of its release by Reliance Big Video, I had a copy of the same in my hands and was happy to say that this serial now adds to the list of Doordarshan serial that now I proudly own. Reliance BIG Home Video has just released 1990-’91 TV serial, Udaan on DVD For all of you who would like to bring back those nostalgic memories, Udaan (Flight) was the name of a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on the Indian Television channel DD National in 1990 – 91. The serial was written and directed by Kavita Choudhary who was also the main lead of the serial. It also starred Shekhar Kapur in a cameo. It was probably the first Indian television show on women empowerment. The serial is inspired by true story of Kavita Choudhary’s elder sister Kanchan Choudhary who after several hardships went to become the first female Director General of Police. Udaan is available as a 5-DVD set and is priced at Rs.499 Yours Nostalgic Soul Sudhir Thakur. 201 thanks brother/ purani yaden taza karane ke liye. Idiot box ke in serial ke naam padker hi sidhe bachapan me lout gaya aur aanken bhig gaye. Kya issa nahin ho sakata ke dobara vahi purane din fir se jeene mil jaye baharal mujhe himalay darshan, ye jo hai jindagi, nukaad, sarkas, intazaar, manoranjan, hamlog, buniyad, bharat iaak khoj, daane anar ke, guldasta, ki dvd chahiye thi. Kisi sajjan ko agar iss sambandh me kuch pata ho to bataiyega meharbaani hogi mera mail id hai— ok dear abhi lots of thanks biti khoobsuran yadon ko fir se jinda karane ke liye thanks amit. 209 do u guys remember Old Chinese Kung Fu Drama Serials On indian channel “Home Tv”?? ( in 1996-9 they all were in hindi dub gr8 series very popular show in india i am a huge fan of kungfu series, Home tv The Zu mountain saga ( rocky, aadam khor,Kala jadugar, ghumati khopdi.santoman, Brother under the skin ( Do Bhai) The blood stained intrigue (story of red and blue swords) “Land of the Condors” ( fong waai, mercury.) The Other Side of The Horizon (sheetal chandra vidhya, dahekti suraj vidhya) Legend of the Condor Heroes(ajagar athrah haath) The Hunters Prey do u miss them? Do u want to see them? 233 hello All, i remeber, i was in 11th or 12th class when i saw Director’s cut – “Hare kaanch ki chudiyan” telefilm. It touched me so deeply that i wrote that song in my copy. So, here is the complete song for you all – “Reshami kalaiyon mein, chankengi chan-chan chan-chan chan-chan, hare kaanch ki chudiyan – 2 Laya hun main sajani nishani ye suhaag ki, Naya rang laaegi kahani ye pyaar ki, tutne na degi kabhi pyaar ka ye bhandan, hare kaanch ki chudiyan – 2 Naino mein piya jo tere nain ghul jaaenge, Gumsum hooth kuch keh ne na paaenge, Samjhengi tere mere pyaar ki ye dhadkan, hare kaanch ki chudiyan – 2 Bund-bund lahu ki sajna tune bahai hai, Desh ke liye tune jaan apni gavaai hai, Rakhungi main dil se laga ke saara jeevan, hare kaanch ki chudiyan – 2”. 237 Dear Sir, Plz Plz Plz Plz Plz restart the old TV serial “Brikram aur Betaal”. This serial was my favourite one. And please replace with an old title song (picturised with indian map)of DD news, because that theme song was carried the indian culture & tradition. Another one request is- in this competetion market there are several cable channel is available. So some of the viewers of Dordarshan is removed there eyes and Dordarshan is the one media which can be aware to the people. I want telecast better serial & showing atleast one or two MOVIES in every day. And we are very thanksfull to you if re-installed DD “Metro” channel. 254 Dear Abhi Thanks and well-done for creating such a wonderful site. It really helped me reconnect with my childhood days. I have a small but important request. Do you, or anybody else, recall a dubbed western serial about a maid working in some rich home and falling in love with her employer’s son? The opening song of the serial was something like “Jaaneman, ye pyaar hai. Iss pyar ko humne kahin kho diya hai. Kho diya hai.” I would be grateful to anyone who gives me a clue about this serial/song. It would be A LIFE-CHANGING ANSWER to me. 255 Hi All Glad to see that you are interested in my collection. I have attached the updated list of my collection of TV series and documentaries for your reference. Go through the lists, and let me know what all you want. Your requirement will be burned on to DVDs and couriered to you. I will charge nominally for my servicesin order to cover the costs of the blank DVDs, courier charges, packing material and a marginal compensation for my efforts that I have taken in order to build and maintain this collection for over the last two years! I do not do this on a commercial scaleI do not depend on income from this for my livelihood. The main reason for me to charge for this is (a) As a minor return for all the time, money and efforts I have put into building up this collection (b) The more important reason – I have invested close to Rs. 10,000 on hard disks to store my collectionso trying to break even on this front by charging nominal amounts when I distribute my collection. Do let me know if I can help you out. 258 Hi All Glad to see that you are interested in my collection. I have attached the updated list of my collection of TV series and documentaries for your reference. Go through the lists, and let me know what all you want. Your requirement will be burned on to DVDs and couriered to you. I will charge nominally for my servicesin order to cover the costs of the blank DVDs, courier charges, packing material and a marginal compensation for my efforts that I have taken in order to build and maintain this collection for over the last two years! I do not do this on a commercial scaleI do not depend on income from this for my livelihood. The main reason for me to charge for this is (a) As a minor return for all the time, money and efforts I have put into building up this collection (b) The more important reason – I have invested close to Rs. 10,000 on hard disks to store my collectionso trying to break even on this front by charging nominal amounts when I distribute my collection. Do let me know if I can help you out. 275 DThanks Abhi. Your list is indeed excellent. I am too a big fan of old TV serials especially the ones that were telecasted on DD. Please note that the following serials are now available on original DVD/VCDs:- 1.) Malgudi Days 2.) Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi 3.) Dekh Bhai Dekh 4.) Ramayan 5.) Mahabharat 6.) Vikram Betal 7.) Sri Krishna 8.) Office Office 9.) Tekhikaat 10.) Kachhi Dhoop 11.) Udaan 12.) Tenali Rama 13.) Akbar Aur Birbal 14.) Jungle Book 15.) Mirza Ghalib 16.) Flop Show 17.) Kabhi Idhar Kabhi Udhar 18.) Zamana Badal Gaya Hai 19.) Zabhan Sambhal Ke 20.) Fauji By God’s grace I have purchased all the above and now need your help to know which others are available in the market. Please email me on Regards, Pranab. 278 Please furnish the details about the serial “DAYASAGAR”. It is better to Re-Telecast the serial “DAYASAGAR” in Doordarshan or in any other TV Channels which is required for this Generation. As Most of the TV serials are produced only on the various conflicts of family memebers, which are unnecessary and harmful. The Greatest Historical Stories especially “DAYASAGAR” are very much Useful. Thank You for listing out the serials of Doordarshan. Is there a DVD available of “DAYASAGAR”? If so please give the details. Can anybody tell me that what was the Board name of those programs/movie (For Kids)Which used to come in 90s I could explain you something exactly what I am looking for, When a kids program used to started, First it used to come the Board name, where a few cartoon character used to come, dance and then jump together and raised their hands in air (it was just shadow type of the cartoon character).the name of the board was like NFC. I don’t remember exactlyIf someone can tell me the exam board name then I could find it, actually I need the music of the clip Thanks in Advance! Can anybody tell me that what was the Board name of those programs/movie (For Kids)Which used to come in 90s I could explain you something exactly what I am looking for, When a kids program used to started, First it used to come the Board name, where a few cartoon character used to come, dance and then jump together and raised their hands in air (it was just shadow type of the cartoon character).the name of the board was like NFC. I don’t remember exactlyIf someone can tell me the board name then I could find it, actually I need the music of the clip. 309 Pound Puppies(1991-2), Sunday mornings I guess. CAR BATUNI – NOBODY REMEMBERS THIS and I must tell you it had a car that spoke! Distant memory tells me that it was a Premier Padmini. Could have been a Beetle. Googling ‘car batuni’ didnt return any results though. I was born and brought up till 11 in New Delhi and moved to Hyderabad. Couldn’t like Hyderabad till now. Will eventually settle back in Delhi again! Somehow, living in Delhi, chaste Hindi and Doordarshan have some common connection in my mind. For the command I developed in English, I always had a patriotic following for chaste Hindi and well. Where did those DD1 Female news presenters go? I wanted to marry couple of them as a kid! I remember the yellow street lights in East Patel Nagar and life seemed so mysterious, magical. Like every stone on the road had an incredible story beneath it. ? Of all the shows, I had a particular liking for Tandoori Nights. The dazzling lights of London and the Indians in it. The show seemed like a cross between Indian and western sitcoms. Fatchar, Karamchand, Dekh Bhai Dekh and Zabaan Sambhal Ke. Someone return my childhood to me, I feel so damned and claustrophobic in today’s era! And yes, Girls back home were pretty too! 322 I am searching for a late night movie shown in dd national or dd metro. I don’t know the year but in this movie a spaceship is landed or fallen into the earth. During that time people used to live in forts or small huts also there are knights who wear full body armour. A boy sees the spaceship and then what happened I don’t know but after that boy get into the fort and fight with the knights with his saber sword similar to the jedi knights sword given by the aliens. It is the last scene I remember therefore I like to know the name of that movie. 342 can someone please tell me about an old telefilm that was aired on doordarshan sometime during 1990s? It featured some college students, nice landscape at musoorie/deradun and a nice song which i still remember. The song went like this.”umeeden payenge har kadam har dam.dekho re jag uthi duniya, dekho re mast rang raliya.pucho na ye kaise bebasi hai. Koi sapna dal par nahi hai. I don’t remember anything more on thisIt would be a great favour if someone can conjure up some old memories and throw light on this. 359 The historical serial The Great Maratha, Based on the life history of “”Shreenath Mahadji Shinde” is the best t.v. Show i have watched ever. Each character looks like the original one. Music by khayyam is superb. I wonder why do we not have a Hindi/ Marathi/ English film based on Shreenath Mahadji Shinde’s heroic life – (Great son of our Nation), till now. This nobelman deserves a big budget movie like hollywood. Only filmmakers of west can justify a movie of his class acts. Anyway, TV Serials like Mahabharat, Ramayan & Om Namah Shivay were pillers of Doordarshan. Which one still wants to watch. Street Hawk, Reporter, Alladin and Duck Tales were few more TV Shows of different patterns that were capable of attracting public. No one can forget Varsha Usgaonkar’s role in Jhansi ki Rani Laxmibai and Uttara (Mahabharat). Shekhar Suman’s role in Reporter and Dekh bhai Dekh. Arun Govil, Deepika Chikhaliya, Mukesh Khanna and Nitish Bhardwaj all were stalwarts in their own fashion. 364 hi t all i am searching for hare kanch ki chudiya it was brodcast on televison in golden hour that run in night 9:00 onwards i think it was for 2hr there was a programe named director’s cut in this program i had seen hare kanch ki chudiya i want to get the title song of dis film,so please ifanybody have any idea help me my e mail id is for better idea i tell u some another movies in director’s cut that was my other favorite “ghungaht”, “o meri ma” 1st was “jaal” and many other so please help. 370 Dear Sir / Madam, The objective behind drafting this letter is to trace out the name of a Horror Movie shown in English as Friday Night Movie during the year between 1991 to 1994. For your reference I am narrating you the story line in brief as follows: That was the story of a Lady who used to impress both sex towards her through her looks & postures & finally used to assassinate them by her sudden horrible bite through her hidden teeth. She used to inhale poison directly from snake. Persons who get her victim never died but get converted like her. She used to worship a huge anaconda by addressing as ” Diyonene”who used to reside inside a well. Finally that lady got executed by a person by putting her directly before the mouth of that great Anaconda. All I need is the name of that Horror Movie. Hope to get your valued co-operation in this regard at the earliest. Please submit your suggestions in my Email ID: Rudranil Dhar A/53, Purbadiganta, Santoshpur, P.S.: East Jadavpur Kolkata West Bengal India. 390 Hi abhi frnds realy is page n bachpan ki yad diladi. Realy tht was great day n sweet memories of life. ‘koi lotade vo pyare pyare din’ kash koi lotade. Dosto byomkesh bakshi serial kisi channel par telecast ho raha hai 1 month pehle mene uska episod dekha bt me channel name mis hogya hu plz kisi ko pata ho to batao plz. Aur ha in serials k sath un purani adds ko mat bhulo old spice’s music, gagan gagan raho magan n rabbit of lijat papad he ha ha, also goldspot, i m complain boy little asha n shahid, dhara dhara shudh dhara, deepika ji of nirma washing powder, evr one yar. Thanks for a great joy n happy esa laga mano bachpan lot aya i m 30 year old. Thanks abhi for great job. 413 Hi anyone who has recorded the “Musikladen Eurotops TV Series [Eurotops]” it used to broadcast on DD Metro in the night 11.00 pm onwards [1989-1990] sometimes one episode or two episodes back to backDD aired the 13 episode series of the German Euro-Disco featuring some of the best of all time great Euro-Disco from Germany.fabulous videos and fabulous songs. If anybody has the FULL 13 episodes or more recorded on VHS/DVD plz contact me here: so that i can you trade with you – i need those videos desperately.please! 414 Hi anyone who has recorded the “Musikladen Eurotops TV Series [Eurotops]” it used to broadcast on DD Metro in the night 11.00 pm onwards [1989-1990] sometimes one episode or two episodes back to backDD aired the 13 episode series of the German Euro-Disco featuring some of the best of all time great Euro-Disco from Germany.fabulous videos and fabulous songs. If anybody has the FULL 13 episodes or more recorded on VHS/DVD plz contact me here: so that i can you trade with you – i need those videos desperately.please! 454 Plz anybody remember this movie telecast in doordarshan in 1.30pm slot about a person who knows that he is going die and a jyotis give him two person life to live and at end he takes the life of a criminal and kill his own wife. Rohini hattangidi may present in that movie as That person’s wife.Rameshwari as her daughter in law. Neeraj, i remember tht film. It had amrish puri as the main lead. Nd it wasnt a jyotish, actually, it was “death” itself tht gave him the choice, to let others die in his place. I think the name of the film was “Trikaal”. I remember it well coz it had a very dark n gloomy feel to it. 528 can someone tell me which tv serial this is. It’s not shaktiman, but the main character is a guy who wears a red costume. 540 ek tv serial kay opening theme song kii khoj kar raha hoon uski lyrics ya mp3 kuch bhi mile to accha hai Serial kaa naam hai “kinare milte nahi” jo DD metro par aati thi ek website say pata chala uske details is website par serial kay baar e mein jo jaankaari mili wo is prakaar hai.(dated 31st march 2003 time 5:30 pm) Kinare Milte Nahin, a family drama with a romantic twist, is about two lovers, individuals who have distinct points of view. They choose to follow different paths, as a result of which their lives run on parallel tracks. The soap stars Shahbaaz Khan, Sudha Chandran, Bhairavi Raichuria and Nishigandha Wad, to name a few. It airs Tuesdays to Thursdays at 9:30 pm. Agar aapko mile to notify kijiye. 560 Fantastic serials like, 1. Secrets of the sea (1985-86, Sun 11: A.M). 2. Ek Kahaani (1984, Thu 9:00 P.M) 3. Akhir kaun (1989,Tue, 9:00 P.M), 4. Satyajit ray presents (1985, Thu 9:00 P.M). 5. Apane aap. (1985, sun 10:30 A.M) 6. Rishte Naate. (1985, Fri 9:50 p.m) *ing Navin Nishchol. 7. Ratha Chakra (1989, Fri 9:00 P.M) *ing Rohini Hattangadi. 8. Telefun (1987, Wed 6:00 P.M) 9. Manzil (1990, Wed 9:00 P.M) *ing Anju Mahendroo. 10. Ghar Jamaai (1985, Tue, 9:00 P.M) *ing Anant mahadevan. 11. Bhim Bhavani (1989, Sun 11:30. A.M) * Anup kumar. 12. Raaj se Swaraj, (1995-96, Sat. 9:00 P.M) 13. Krishna avatar (1984, Tue 9:00 P.M). 14. Meghadootam (1990, daily Morning 7:30 A.M) 15. Gaao Sachi Bani (1987-89, Sun 8:30 A.M) are missing. 567 Other very interesting serials, 1. Sara Jahaan Hamara (1990-91, Tue 9:00 P.M) – *ing Girish Karnad, Firdaus dadi (as Pratima), Farida Jalal.There were other two young boys playing roles of Raghu and Vicky – I do not remember their real names. Jimmy and the magic torch, (1986-87, Tue 6:30 P.M) 3. Castle stone, (1984-85, Sat 3:30 P.M) – different stories played by wool toys. Puraskaar(1989-90, sun 10:30 A.M) – featuring stories on bravery by young kids. India Quiz (1988-89 and 1990, Sundays 9:00 P.M)- hosted by siddaratha basu. Jeevan Sandhya (1990-91, wed 3:30 P.M) – encouraging stories based programe for aged. There were some other more fantastic serial I am unable to recollect the name, 1. It was Parikshit sahani as doctor not taking fees from ailing patients. His wife Rohini hattangadi opposing his modesty and comparing him to neighbours who were growing rich by leaps and bounds. There was as serial for improving knowledge it had a very peculiar title song rather title drama, “Jamoore Kya Hukm hai mere aaka, chal mere chora khol de gyan ka bora, lekin husoor-e-ala is par to laga hai tala, kya cheez hai re tereliye itni se ye tala, Jor lagake tod me mere lala, Hmmm. ” the guy falls down. Dhamaal (1987-88, Tue 8:00 P.M, Later 1989-90 Mon 8:15. A.M)) – * Satish Shah. Very Very Funny. Gaploo aur banta (1989-90, Tue 8:00 A.M) – * ing Rakesh bedi. Shaher Chala Kasbe Ko (1989-90, Wed 8:15 A.M) 4. Mamaji – (1988-89, Wed 9:00 P.M)- Funny title song 5. Trishna – (1986-87, Tue 9:50 P.M) There was another serial of Rajendernath on Friday Mornings I do not remember its name. His character was POPATLAL in which he gets anxieted once he hears the word POPAT. This serial for the first time (as far as my memory goes)featured the concept of spectacles with wipers (quite obviously, it was worn by POPATLAL). 584 Hi Can any one tell me the name of this cartoon which was telecasted on dd 1. The title song goes something like this Chipkali ki nana hai Danu Danosur.” And also there was this serial which used to come in nine gold called ” kuch ret kuch paani” I would like to get the title song I know it starts something like this ” kuch ret kuch paani hai Khaamoshiyoon ki zubani hai Har Lamha kud me kahaani hai Waqt ki Lehere aati hai Aake kinaaro pe rehe jaati hai. And something something Jab bichade mite hai.” And also this serial. ” Jaane Anjaane”.the title track was really good. 598 Namaskar I am in search of a Special show on Ramnavmi performed on National doordarshan (I think produced by Mumbai Doordarshan for National Telecast)and the participants where Suresh Wadkar, Ashwini Bhide- Deshpande, Shrikant Pargavkar. It was a Bhajan Show. Three Bhajans were of Sanit Kabir, Saint Tulsidas, Samarth Ramdas amd the firth one was written by me. Shridhar Phadke was a Music Director. I think Episode telecasted in the year 1995 to 2000. Where can i get that? I am in desperate need of my sonh. 634 THANXX D D CHANNEL JO AP LOGNE HMRE BACHAPAN KO AACHE TARIKE SAWARA MY BEST CANNEL IN MY ALL TIME IN LIFE IS CHANNEL KE BARE ME JAB SOCHTA HO ATB SAKTIMAAN KI YAD A JATI KYUKI WAHA MERA FVERIT SHOWS THA KYA RAHE GA AAJ CHAHE JITNE BI SHOWS AJGYE MAGAR IS CHANNEL KI KUCH HIA LAG HAIMIYAT H MERE GHAR EK TV HI THI JAB BI SAKTIMAAAN ANAE KA TIME HOTA MERE GAR BID LAG JATI PHIR EK SAAT MILKAR SHOWS DEKHTE IS CHANNEL KE WO JO ME BHUAHT PASAN KARTA JESE. JUNIUR G, JASOS, ALIF LAILA AUR BAKI SHOWS THE ME EK BAAR HIR SE KHANEA CHONGA ”THANXXXXXXXXXXX D D CHANNEL ”” AND GOOD BAYE. 649 respected sir/mam, i want to know about a movie. It was a hindi dubbed movie of any movie may be(tamil/bangali) or in any other language.i dnt know it’s name,director name etc, because i was very little at that time.i only know about it’s story.story is. Ek ladki thi jisko kisi khas tarah ka phool ka ped ban ne ka vardan mila hua tha. Uski shadi ho jati hai. And ek din ladki se phool ka ped bante hue use uske pati ki behan dekh leti hai. Uske zid karne par wo dobara ped bnti hai.but us ped ko bacche tod dete hai.or ped ko kat diya jata hai bad me us ladki ka husban kate hue ped ko ekattha karta hai. Or usko wapas ladki banata hai. Please please send me this movie name and it’s dvd or vcd or tell me how can i get this movie. Please if anybody knows about this, then please inform me. 670 can anyone tell me the name of that serial telecasted between 2008 to 2011 evening timing between 7:00pm to 9:00pm. It is based on one nartaki’s paizeb and one couple found that in one old house someone told him not to sold this precious paizeb you keep with yourself you will become a richest in the world but he sold out that paizeb. He thought when i will become a rich it is too late if i sell this precious stones paizeb in market i will definately become a rich. Can any one tell me the name of that serial please please please. Thanks thanks thanks. 701 Dear All, I’m a serious fan of lata mangeshkar. I’m looking for rare bhajan songs of her that was broadcasted by doordarshan. Smita patil was conducted this programme. This programme also broadcasted by Bangladesh Television during the first SAARC Summit/any SAARC summit that was held in Dhaka. I’m absolutely sure that programme was broadcasted before 90’s. Two songs of this programme are available in the internet. One of the songs of this programme was very favourite to me. In this song “sangeet mere” words played several times by lataji. Can any one help me to find this song/lyrics. I’m grateful to this guy. 737 Hi, I can say, lots of people loved that directors cut with Sameer Soni and Bhagyashree( maine pyar kia fame). Hare Kaanch ki chudia, for those who don’t know was the story of a blind girl who marries a self concious guy who has a scar below his eye which cant be treated. He doesn’t want her to see him but she loves him alot. She without telling him gets operated and becomes a witnes for the case where her husband is implicated on murder charges. Eventually she saves him. Those days were really amazing.directors cut and other stuff on metro was amazing.sorry guys dont knw if you can get the song. WinRAR archiver, a powerful tool to process RAR and ZIP files Latest changes in WinRAR WinRAR - What's new in the latest version Version 5.50 1. WinRAR and command line RAR use RAR 5.0 archive format by default. 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Prompt proposing to set the master password is displayed when storing a password in compression profile. You can enter the master password to encrypt password data stored in Registry and protect it from unauthorized access. You will need to enter the master password in password prompt dialog to access such compression profile after that. Once entered, the master password is valid until WinRAR is closed. Close WinRAR and open it again after specifying the master password if you wish to see how protection works. By default, WinRAR uses AES-256 in CTR mode to encrypt ZIP archives. While AES-256 is significantly more secure than ZIP 2.0 legacy encryption algorithm, it can be incompatible with some older unzip software. If compatibility with such tools is required, you can enable 'ZIP legacy encryption' option in the password dialog or use -mezl switch in the command line mode. Added extraction support for.LZ archives created by Lzip compressor. Modern TAR tools can store high precision file times, lengthy file names and large file sizes in special PAX extended headers inside of TAR archive. Now WinRAR supports such PAX headers and uses them when extracting TAR archives. New 'Store modification time' option on 'Time' page of archiving dialog can be used to prohibit storing the file modification time in RAR 5.x archives. Former 'High precision modification time' option is replaced by 'High precision time format'. New 'Full paths in title bar' option in 'Settings/General' dialog. If enabled, the full path of currently opened folder or archive is displayed in WinRAR title bar. New 'File types to open as archives first' option in 'Settings/Compression'. Here you can define how Enter or double click on a file with non-archive extension and archive contents should be processed in WinRAR file list in file management mode. Examples of such files are.docx or self-extracting.exe archives. You can instruct WinRAR either to open such files as archives first or to execute or open them in associated programs. Default settings are to open self-extracting exe and to run other types of archives with non-archive extension. Regardless of these options, you can always open any such archive file by pressing Ctrl+PgDn on its name in WinRAR file list. Default folders for archives and extracted files are moved from 'Settings/Compression' to 'Settings/Paths'. New 'Copy full names to clipboard' command in 'File' menu places full names of selected files to clipboard. Changes in the context menu displayed when right clicking the file list in WinRAR: a) several commands, which are also present on the toolbar or in main menu, such as 'View' and 'Repair', are removed from this context menu; b) 'Copy full names to clipboard' command is added; c) 'Run' for executables, 'Open in associated application' for associated files and 'Show archive contents' for archives are added. They allow to choose a way to process SFX archives and archive files with non-archive extensions. These items are present only in the file management mode and are not available inside of archives. LZ and ZIPX are added to list of associations in Settings/Integration dialog. LZ and ZIPX extensions are added to default list of formats for -ms switch ('Specify file types to store') invoked without parameters. You can specify 'f' charset value in -sc switch to use UTF-8 encoding. For example: rar a -scfl arcname @filelist.txt to read contents of filelist.txt as UTF-8 text. RAR 'lt' and 'vt' commands display file times with nanosecond precision. Such precision is used in RAR5 archives created by RAR/Unix 5.50 and newer. Archives created by WinRAR have 100ns file time precision. Only '+', '-' and '1' precision modifiers are supported in -ts switch now. Use '+' to store the file time with maximum precision, '-' to omit the file time and '1' to store it with 1 second precision. 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Somethings to remember while we are working together. • Do not run any other tool untill instructed to do so! ![]() • Please Do not Attach logs or put in code boxes. • Tell me about any problems that have occurred during the fix. • Tell me of any other symptoms you may be having as these can help also. • Do not run anything while running a fix. In the upper right hand corner of the topic you will see a button called Options. If you click on this in the drop-down menu you can choose Track this topic. By doing this and then choosing Immediate E-Mail notification and then clicking on Proceed you will be advised when we respond to your topic and facilitate the cleaning of your machine. We apologize for the delay in responding to your request for help. Here at Bleeping Computer we get overwhelmed at times, and we are trying our best to keep up. Please note that your topic was not intentionally overlooked. Our mission is to help everyone in need, but sometimes it takes just a little longer to get to every request for help. No one is ignored here. In order for me to see the status of the infection I will need a new set of logs to start with. Please print out or make a copy in notpad of any instructions given, as sometimes it is necessary to go offline and you will lose access to them. DeFogger: Please download to your desktop. Double click DeFogger to run the tool. • The application window will appear • Click the Disable button to disable your CD Emulation drivers • Click Yes to continue • A 'Finished!' Message will appear • Click OK • DeFogger may ask you to reboot the machine, if it does - click OK Do not re-enable these drivers until otherwise instructed. Download DDS: Please download DDS by sUBs from one of the links below and save it to your desktop: Download DDS and save it to your desktop Please disable any anti-malware program that will block scripts from running before running DDS. • Double-Click on dds.scr and a command window will appear. This is normal. • Shortly after two logs will appear: • DDS.txt • Attach.txt • A window will open instructing you save & post the logs • Save the logs to a convenient place such as your desktop • Copy the contents of both logs & post in your next reply Scan With RKUnHooker • Please Download Save it to your desktop. • Now double-click on RKUnhookerLE.exe to run it. • Click the Report tab, then click Scan. • Check (Tick) Drivers, Stealth. Uncheck the rest. Then Click OK. • Wait till the scanner has finished and then click File, Save Report. • Save the report somewhere where you can find it. Copy the entire contents of the report and paste it in a reply here. Note** you may get this warning it is ok, just ignore 'Rootkit Unhooker has detected a parasite inside itself! It is recommended to remove parasite, okay?' Information and logs: In your next post I need the following 1.logs from DDS 2.log from RKUnHooker 3.let me know of any problems you may have had Gringo. Backdoor.Tidserv is a Trojan horse that uses an advanced rootkit to hide itself. It also displays advertisements, redirects user search results, and opens a back door on the compromised computer. This 'could' allow hackers to remotely control your computer, steal critical system information and download and execute files. I would counsel you to disconnect this PC from the Internet If you do any banking or other financial transactions on the PC or if it should contain any other sensitive information, please get to a known clean computer and change all passwords where applicable, and it would be wise to contact those same financial institutions to apprise them of your situation. Please read these for more information: We can clean this machine but I cannot guarantee that it will be 100% secure afterwards. 'If you would like to continue, then follow the steps below, otherwise please let me know' I Would like you to do the following. Run Combofix: You may be asked to install or update the (Win XP Only) if this happens please allow it to do so (you will need to be connected to the internet for this) Before you run Combofix I will need you to turn off any security software you have running, If you do not know how to do this you can find out or Combofix may need to reboot your computer more than once to do its job this is normal. You can download Combofix from one of these links. Close any open browsers or any other programs that are open. Close/disable all anti virus and anti malware programs so they do not interfere with the running of ComboFix. Double click on combofix.exe & follow the prompts. When finished, it will produce a report for you. Note 1: Do not mouseclick combofix's window while it's running. That may cause it to stall Note 2: If you recieve an error 'Illegal operation attempted on a registery key that has been marked for deletion.' Please restart the computer 'information and logs' In your next post I need the following • Log from Combofix • let me know of any problems you may have had • How is the computer doing now? Driver:: hjtl DDS:: Trusted Zone: internet AtJob:: Save it to your desktop as CFScript.txt Refering to the picture above, drag CFScript.txt into ComboFix.exe This will let ComboFix run again. Restart if you have to. Save the produced logfile to your desktop. Note: Do not mouseclick combofix's window whilst it's running. That may cause it to stall 'information and logs' In your next post I need the following • report from Combofix • let me know of any problems you may have had • How is the computer doing now after running the script? These logs are looking alot better. But we still have some work to do. Please print out these instructions, or copy them to a Notepad file. It will make it easier for you to follow the instructions and complete all of the necessary steps. Uninstall some programs 1. Click on start 2. Then go to settings 3. After that you need control panel 4. Look for the icon add/remove programs click on the following programs Adobe Reader 9 and click on remove Update Adobe Reader Recently there have been vunerabilities detected in older versions of Adobe Reader. It is strongly suggested that you update to the current version. You can download it from After installing the latest Adobe Reader, uninstall all previous versions. If you already have Adobe Photoshop® Album Starter Edition installed or do not wish to have it installed UNcheck the box which says Also Download Adobe Photoshop® Album Starter Edition. If you don't like Adobe Reader (53 MB), you can download Foxit PDF Reader(7 MB) from. It's a much smaller file to download and uses a lot less resources than Adobe Reader. Note: When installing FoxitReader, be carefull not to install anything to do with AskBar. Your Java is out of date. It can be updated by the Java control panel • click on Start-> Control Panel (Classic View)-> Java (looks like a coffee cup) -> Update Tab -> Update Now. • An update should begin; • follow the prompts Clear your Java Cache • click on Start-> Control Panel (Classic View)-> Java (looks like a coffee cup) • On the General tab, under Temporary Internet Files, click the Settings button. • Next, click on the Delete Files button • There are two options in the window to clear the cache - Leave BOTH Checked Applications and Applets Trace and Log Files • Click OK on Delete Temporary Files Window Note: This deletes ALL the Downloaded Applications and Applets from the CACHE. • Click OK to leave the Temporary Files Window • Click OK to leave the Java Control Panel. TFC(Temp File Cleaner): • Please download to your desktop, • Save any unsaved work. TFC will close all open application windows. • Double-click TFC.exe to run the program. • If prompted, click ' Yes' to reboot. Note: Save your work. TFC will automatically close any open programs, let it run uninterrupted. It shouldn't take longer take a couple of minutes, and may only take a few seconds. Only if needed will you be prompted to reboot.: Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware: I would like you to rerun MBAM • Double-click mbam icon • go to the update tab at the top • click on check for updates • If an update is found, it will download and install the latest version. • Once the program has loaded, select Perform quick scan, then click Scan. • When the scan is complete, click OK, then Show Results to view the results. • Be sure that everything is Checked (ticked) except items in the C: System Volume Information folder and click on Remove Selected. • When completed, a log will open in Notepad. Please copy and paste the log into your next reply • If you accidently close it, the log file is saved here and will be named like this: • C: Documents and Settings Username Application Data Malwarebytes Malwarebytes' Anti-Malware Logs mbam-log-date (time).txt Note: If MBAM encounters a file that is difficult to remove, you will be presented with 1 of 2 prompts. Click OK to either and let MBAM proceed with the disinfection process. If asked to restart the computer, please do so immediately. Failure to reboot will prevent MBAM from removing all the malware. Download HijackThis • Go to download HijackThis Installer • Save HijackThis Installer to your desktop. • Double-click on the HijackThis Installer icon on your desktop. (Vista and Win 7 right click and run as admin) • By default it will install to C: Program Files Trend Micro HijackThis. • Click on Install. • It will create a HijackThis icon on the desktop. • Once installed it will launch Hijackthis. • Click on the Do a system scan and save a logfile button. It will scan and the log should open in notepad. • Click on Edit > Select All then click on Edit > Copy to copy the entire contents of the log. • Come back here to this thread and Paste the log in your next reply. • DO NOT use the AnalyseThis button its findings are dangerous if misinterpreted. • DO NOT have Hijackthis fix anything yet. Most of what it finds will be harmless or even required. 'information and logs' In your next post I need the following • Log From MBAM • report from Hijackthis • let me know of any problems you may have had • How is the computer doing now? Greetings These logs are looking very good, we are almost done!!! Just one more scan to go.:Remove unneeded startup entries: This part of the fix is purely optional These are programs that start up when you turn on your computer but don't need to be, any of these programs you can click on their icons (or start from the control panel) and start the program when you need it. By stopping these programs you will boot up faster and your computer will work faster. • Run HijackThis • Click on the Scan button • Put a check beside all of the items listed below (if present): O4 - HKLM. Run: [CTSysVol] D: Program Files Creative SBAudigy Surround Mixer CTSysVol.exe /r O4 - HKLM. Run: [P17Helper] Rundll32 P17.dll,P17Helper O4 - HKLM. Run: [UpdReg] D: WINDOWS UpdReg.EXE O4 - HKLM. Run: [WinampAgent] 'D: Program Files Winamp winampa.exe' O4 - HKLM. Run: [NvCplDaemon] RUNDLL32.EXE D: WINDOWS system32 NvCpl.dll,NvStartup O4 - HKLM. Run: [nwiz] nwiz.exe /install O4 - HKLM. Run: [Kernel and Hardware Abstraction Layer] KHALMNPR.EXE O4 - HKLM. Run: [LogonStudio] 'D: Program Files WinCustomize LogonStudio logonstudio.exe' /RANDOM O4 - HKLM. Run: [SunJavaUpdateSched] 'D: Program Files Java jre6 bin jusched.exe' O4 - HKLM. Run: [Adobe Photo Downloader] 'D: Program Files Adobe Photoshop Elements 6.0 apdproxy.exe' O4 - HKLM. Run: [NvMediaCenter] RUNDLL32.EXE D: WINDOWS system32 NvMcTray.dll,NvTaskbarInit O4 - HKLM. Run: [DivXUpdate] 'D: Program Files DivX DivX Update DivXUpdate.exe' /CHECKNOW O4 - HKLM. Run: [QuickTime Task] 'D: Program Files QuickTime QTTask.exe' -atboottime O4 - HKLM. Run: [iTunesHelper] 'D: Program Files iTunes iTunesHelper.exe' O4 - HKLM. Run: [StartCCC] 'D: Program Files ATI Technologies ATI.ACE Core-Static CLIStart.exe' O4 - HKLM. Run: [Adobe Reader Speed Launcher] 'D: Program Files Adobe Reader 9.0 Reader Reader_sl.exe' O4 - HKCU. Run: [Google Update] 'D: Documents and Settings Max Local Settings Application Data Google Update GoogleUpdate.exe' /c O4 - HKCU. Run: [MSMSGS] 'D: Program Files Messenger msmsgs.exe' /background O4 - HKUS S-1-5-18. RunOnce: [tscuninstall]%systemroot% system32 tscupgrd.exe (User 'SYSTEM') O4 - Startup: OpenOffice.org 3.0.lnk = D: Program Files OpenOffice.org 3 program quickstart.exe • Close all open windows and browsers/email, etc. • Click on the 'Fix Checked' button • When completed, close the application. NOTE**You can research each of those lines and see if you want to keep them or not just copy the name between the brakets and paste into the search space O4 - HKLM. Run: [ IntelliPoint] Eset Online Scanner **Note** You will need to use Internet explorer for this scan - Vista and win 7 right click on IE shortcut and run as admin Go to run an online scannner from ESET. • Turn off the real time scanner of any existing antivirus program while performing the online scan • click on the ESET Online Scanner button • Tick the box next to YES, I accept the Terms of Use. [list] • Click Start [*]When asked, allow the activex control to install • Click Start [*]Make sure that the option Remove found threats is unticked and the Scan Archives option is ticked. [*]Click on Advanced Settings, ensure the options Scan for potentially unwanted applications, Scan for potentially unsafe applications, and Enable Anti-Stealth Technology are ticked. [*]Click Scan [*]Wait for the scan to finish. Hello Ok lets see if this will fix Norton. I want you to uninstall it then run this program. Remove Norton Note: You should first attempt to remove your Norton product using Add/Remove Programs in the Windows Control Panel (Programs and Features, in Windows Vista). This is the best method. After uninstalling using Windows Add/Remove Programs, run the Norton Removal Tool to ensure successful removal of all Norton references. Please go to this and select the product you have 1 Download the Norton Removal Tool. 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Moreover, this often is the starting cryptocurrency that would apply multi-algorithm coin mining, which is the fairest form associated with distribution. History DigiByte was in fact founded written by Jared Tate in September 2013. The guy was fresh on how to refine Bitcoins codebase, when the actual idea of creating an actual brand fresh, new digital digital currency and finances transfer link stumbled in him. This in turn marked currently the beginning in the cryptocurrencies development. Nevertheless, the following wasn’t suitable up until January 10th, 2014 which the electronic coin had to be officially launched, with great success while user result from several around each world. And also February 2014, the developers had to date created a definite security multilevel dubbed DigiShield, this came after undertaking multi-pool ravage tests to allow them to determine each safety off coins upon the technique. Following this in turn successful experiment, DigiShield was already quickly then followed and include by many other online currencies, alongside some also applying part of DigiShield’s codebase utility to meeting. On June 8th, 2014, the DigiByte team proudly attended each of our first ever sold Crypto Digital money assembly with New York City, even they gave a work presentation just that attracted plenty of investors time for their business. By Probably of the same year, several planned partners and so potential huge number of investors were already inquiring for partnership now with the organization. 1st, each company offered a MultiAlgo hard-fork using block 145,000, which allows miners as a way to collect 10 independent mining algorithms. DigiByte is your first online-currency in a brief history to make this take. 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There are plans to come up with these instances when even swiftly through advances in long term. D) Consist of. Most transactions from two DigiByte portfolio to yet another are free, or would possibly carry quite minimal network-mining fee to successfully encourage individuals mine. E) Throughout the world footprint. Currently, DigiBytes are stored, traded and transacted in far more 89 different countries around globe. This is possible and since the unit is now decentralized plus there is no necessity for a central server, any such or middle man. Despite its actual international availability, the Crypto Currency to get very stable as over 5 pretty advanced crypto-graphic algorithms tend to be quite unshakable. F) Totally commited development also finite processing. This cryptocurrency has been fewer than continuous, intensifying development for upwards of a manufacturing year now. With support from key partners produced by various nations around the globe. Furthermore, the particular mining approach new DigiBytes are routinely being furthered the community after a 30 moments. This ensures 24/7 continuity of this system whilst never goes down even in your moment, you can transfer coin through it at if ever whether truly during day time or night time time. G) Versatile, adaptable also innovative. DigiByte is normally adding extra features to its very own cryptocurrency, inclusive of cutting-edge goods and services to all of them remain similar in specific ever-evolving digital currency organization. H) Profitable mining associated with 1410 DGB per bloc. Also, surely 0% pre-mine available make certain some miners don’t get any unfair edge over others. All of the pre-mine came donated to users aimlessly and charitable trust groups, more than remaining quantity used concerning preliminary launch the element until foreign funding was later ingested. Potential for that future Statistics demonstrate that approximately 21 Billion DigiBytes will constitute developed over the following 21 years, which is good news throughout case you want to advance it. Globe shorter-term period, the associated with this money over the other 6 time is planned to reached $0.25 just about every coin. The cryptocurrency foresees every bright future as there are plenty new in addition to progressive anticipates currently underway, and not yet been released in the near future to get considerably more coinages electricity and develop user re-homing internationally. DigiByte will be the only around the net cash unit that allows investors, banks and many other legal agencies with an alternative method most typically associated with gaining & connecting considering tech-savvy millennial users. The banker’s mission survey is present the advantages of virtual currency payment technology to the most merchants, using the net consumers but also mainstream cultures as practicable throughout the earth. They aim to attend to this in implement and as a rule understandable way you can. How who’s works: DigiByte make use of sequence ‘Blocks’ to undertake transactions, them refers several set of transfers concluded over all of the cryptocurrency socialize within a particular 30-second time frame. Consequently, new DGB funds are first brought about into circulating once all block typically is identified close to network through mining. The DigiByte Blockchain has a history from the blocks of discovered on a network, for example all transactions conducted the particular network. Each of these block points reference into the proceeding a particular all find out how to the start of the virtual market itself, often called the genesis block. By backlinks individual locks together, an exact and confident accounting most latest DigiByte ownership could possibly made all over decentralized total. DigiByte makes 5 independent mining sets of rules to perform spectacularly transactions during the virtual model. Each algorithm has about 20% of all of the total prevents discovered by network. This serves up greater anonymity as witout a doubt 3 for this 5 DigiByte algorithms on offer are: ASIC resistant, meaning no-one can ever do know who’s making a transaction and where apart about the parties engaging only. In conclusion, DigiByte a great upcoming digital * currency to massive possibility investors. It really safe, easy to and that make up multiple states around globe. This cryptocurrency is expected to rapidly escalating value over the next period. So, reasonable to devices needed to would possibly be investors available in the market is, go in on the action while you will is continues to be low or not might be entirely duty. 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Poetry Whirl Indexes Poetry Places Nodes powered by Open Directory Project at dmoz.org DayPoems Favorites, a huge collection of books as text, produced as a volunteer enterprise starting in 1990. This is the source of the first poetry placed on DayPoems., exactly what the title says, and well worth reading.: 'If a guy somewhere in Asia makes a blog and no one reads it, does it really exist?' , miniature, minimalist-inspired sculptures created from industrial cereamics, an art project at Lewis and Clark College in Portland, Oregon., More projects from Portland, Furby, Eliza, Mr_Friss and Miss_Friss., a Portland, Oregon, exhibit, Aug. 5, 2004, at Disjecta. D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s * D a y P o e m s Won't you help support DayPoems? Song of Myself By 1819-1892 1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, Hoping to cease not till death. Creeds and schools in abeyance, Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten, I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, Nature without check with original energy. 2 Houses and rooms are full of perfumes, the shelves are crowded with perfumes, I breathe the fragrance myself and know it and like it, The distillation would intoxicate me also, but I shall not let it. The atmosphere is not a perfume, it has no taste of the distillation, it is odorless, It is for my mouth forever, I am in love with it, I will go to the bank by the wood and become undisguised and naked, I am mad for it to be in contact with me. ![]() Contents • • • • • • • Background [ ] 'Essentially I wanted there to be something really classic about the album', says Blasko on her official website. 'The kind of debut albums I like are those that don't try and do too much too soon, that point towards a number of possible directions, and that give the songs some room to move. It was really important to me that my voice and the songs had some character and that there was an intimacy to them. We tried to achieve this by using little or no effect on the voice and not going too far with overdubs.' Music director rated it ninth on his list of favourite 2004 albums. In 2011, he named it the 10th Greatest Australian Album Of All Time. The album features former and drummer Joey Waronker, who took a few days off working on 's album with producer to lay down his drum tracks for The Overture & the Underscore. Reception [ ] Professional ratings Review scores Source Rating [ ] [ ] The album peaked at Number 35 on the. Track list [ ] • 'All Coming Back' – 3:15 • 'Beautiful Secrets' – 3:24 • 'Always Worth It' – 3:46 • 'At Your Best' – 3:36 • ' – 4:19 • 'Counting Sheep' – 4:21 • 'Perfect Now' – 3:33 • 'Sweet November' – 3:55 • 'Cinders' – 4:09 • 'True Intentions' – 4:11 • 'Remorse' – 5:31 [Includes the hidden track 'Long Time' – 5:07] • All songs written by Sarah Blasko and. Singles [ ] ' was released as a CD single containing two unique B-sides ('Fall Down' and ') on September 27, 2004. The following tracks have been released as radio singles: • 'Counting Sheep' • 'Perfect Now' • 'Always Worth It' Studio crew [ ] • - Drums and percussion • - Bass, drum programming, horn & string sample arrangements, guitars, organ, piano, synth • Sarah Blasko - Vocals, guitars, synth, percussion • Other musical contributors included Wally Gagel, Nadav & Edo Khan, Darren Hanlon, Bruce MacFarlane and Korel Tunador. • All tracks recorded & mixed by Wally Gagel, and mastered by Louis Teran, except 'Long Time', recorded by Bruce MacFarlane. References [ ]. ![]() ..4 2017-12-05 weekly.4 2017-12-05. 2017-12-05 weekly.4 2017-12-05 weekly.4. Sarah Blasko. Australian singer Sarah Blasko is an unlikely pop star. Her confessional songs are full of complicated feelings and tangled emotions, and her subtle. Her first two records, The Overture & the Underscore, which was a platinum success in Australia, and the ARIA (Australian Grammy) winning What the Sea. Jun 24, 2015. Sarah Blasko| Always On This Line| 915. SBTRKT| Wildfire| 230. SBTRKT| NEW DORP. NEW YORK| 450. Who / Overture/ It's A Boy 443. Journey / Patiently 444. Boston / Peace Of Mind 445. 995| The Magnetic Fields| Busby Berkeley Dreams 996| Penguin Cafe Orchestra| Perpetuum Mobile. Put together and and strip them of such deliciously straightforward lyrics as 's 'Your love is better than ice cream,' and what you get is bound to resemble on: an entrancing artist who sings exceptionally well but is bent on making you guess what brews within her heart rather than pouring it out to you. 'Disconnected things, you exist within a kind of truth/And the consequence is a consummated trial of fire,' she sings on 'Always Worth It,' a smart, moody slice of pure pop that's typical of the 11 songs gathered on this debut. Where most pop grabs hold instantaneously, though, 's brand, punctuated by gentle synth, guitar, and piano melodies, takes its time sinking in. The result is a disc more like barrel-aged wine than fast-melting ice cream. But that's not to say some of the lyrics, like 'Between love we make divide/Confusion translates what you can't explain,' from 'True Intentions,' won't give you brain freeze. Imagine: You’re sitting at a bar. Looking for a girl to hang out with. Instead of one girl you meet two. ![]() And turns out they were actually on the prowl to pick up a guy like you and have an adventurous threesome. Guys I know you’re thinking that this just doesn’t happen, but it does! And it could be you next. Double doggie, double blow-jobs and wild girls with model bodies and faces. Hey.girls just want to have fun too! Make it their perfect night. Nov 18, 2017. Jigsaws galore 7 serial. Wasted money on unreliable and slow multihosters? LinkSnappy is the only multihost that works. Download from ALL Filehosts as a premium user at incredibly fast speeds! Jigsaws galore 7 serial. Sep 11, 2017. 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They move to the couch, Maxmilian eating ’s hot pussy, then lying back as she sucks his hard dick, licking the length of his shaft and bobbing her head up and down as she takes it deep. ’s slender body trembles as she lowers her soaked pussy onto Maxmilian’s cock in reverse cowgirl, and starts riding it steadily, ass cheeks quivering. She switches around into cowgirl, kissing Maxmilian avidly as she bucks on his boner, riding harder and faster until an intense climax sweeps through her. Hard cock still buried deep inside her pulsing pussy, Maxmilian lifts her and flips them into missionary, gazing at ’s gorgeous face as he plows into her, slowly at first but increasing the speed of his thrusts until she orgasms noisily. His muscular frame stiffens and he shoots his load deep inside her juicy pussy, triggering another powerful orgasm for horny. It's hard masturbating at your friend's home; we know it just isn't the same. And 's experiencing the same difficulty while trying to relax by the pool at her girlfriend's house while she's out. But it works out for the better, because when she enters the house all frustrated, she finds the answer to her problem sitting right there on the couch: Johnny, her friend's boyfriend! She's in her bikini anyway, so why not pull out her big tits to see if Johnny's game for a quick fuck? He's a little weirded out at first, what with Skyla being his woman's friend, and all. But who can resist a great big pair of juicy tits when they're staring you in the eyes? That's right: nobody. OMG, you got laid off! Some people think they're making the economy better, but you're living proof that things aren't right. And telling your wife isn't going to make it any better. But she is your wife, and she's understanding. So when you break the news to her, it's not as bad as you anticipated. In fact, she offers to make you your favorite dish. But then she gets another idea and offers to become your dish, starting off by giving you a blowjob outside! You tell your wife you got canned and she blows youis this real life? And then she pulls your big cock inside, sticks her big tits and big ass in your face, fucks your brains out and then tells you she's going to make your favorite dish. Maybe you should get laid off more often??? The private auditions in Rocco Siffredi's office are fierce and demanding, but very rewarding for the young sluts testing their sexual skills. In the POV-style 'Rocco One On One #15,' the legendary pornographer samples a handful of frisky European beauties, the majority in their teens. Rocco expands Russian babe Nikki Stills' butthole, and she sucks his ass-flavored dick for a mouthful of cream., an adorable French teenager, takes Rocco's enormous boner in every hole. And she rims the older man's anus! Tall, athletic kneels and swallows Rocco's fat cock. He rails her throat, bangs her asshole and leaves Linda with a messy cum facial. Pale, little obediently squats over the director's face. He spanks her ass red; she rides prick and slurps out every drop of his sperm. Sweet, 18-year-old was a virgin till two weeks before her screen test with Rocco! She orally worships his giant dick; he fucks this minx relentlessly and cums on her pretty face. What an education! Ames Iowa Online Driver Education and Ames Iowa Licensing Procedures Congratulations on starting the process of applying for your Ames Iowa learner's permit or first Ames Iowa driver license. Ames Iowa has a for Ames Iowa teen drivers, and there are a few things we want to make you aware of to ensure that applying for your Ames Iowa driving license goes as smoothly as possible. Here's what you need to know: Ames Iowa Instructional Permit or Ames Iowa Learner Permit When you turn 14, you can apply for an Ames Iowa learner's permit. In order to apply for your Ames Iowa learner's permit, you'll need to make an appointment at your local Ames Iowa driver's license station and then bring the following: • Valid • • from your parent or guardian At the Ames Iowa Driver's License Station, you'll present all of these application materials and then take two tests: • driving knowledge test • vision screening test If you survived, then congratulations. You've just earned your Ames Iowa learner's license, which is valid for 2 years. If you are enrolled in an approved Ames Iowa driver education program, you may practice with a certified driving instructor, a driver over 25 (with written permission from your parent or guardian), or with any members of your family over 21. After you've had your Ames Iowa learner permit for 6 months, you're ready to apply for your Ames Iowa intermediate license. It depends on your selected method of shipping at registration. You can choose TeenDrivingCourse.com offers several convenient options for shipping your Ames Iowa certificate of completion, including regular US Mail and Federal Express. If you select regular US Mail, your online Ames Iowa traffic school certificate will be delivered in 7-10 business days. If you select Federal Express, you have the option of selecting Priority Overnight delivery (by or before 10:30AM the next business morning), Standard Overnight delivery (by or before 5PM the next business day), Second Day delivery (by or before 5PM on the second business day), Express delivery (by or before 5PM on the third business day), or if you complete your online Ames Iowa traffic school course on a Friday, we offer Saturday Federal Express delivery (by or before 12PM on Saturday). In most states, you must be at least 15 1/2 to take drivers ed for your learners permit. Please check with the Ames Iowa Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), Ames Iowa Department of Education, or Ames Iowa Department of Driver License Services to make sure that you are old enough to take Ames Iowa driver education. ![]() Please be aware that although TeenDrivingCourse.com is sufficient for fulfilling driver education requirements in some states, in other states TeenDrivingCourse.com is only offered as a supplement to the driver education and/or training you will receive at a state-approved driving school. To find out if TeenDrivingCourse.com will meet your state's minimum driver education requirements, we recommend that you check with the Ames Iowa Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). You will need to have at least a completion certificate from an online Ames Iowa driver education course before you can become eligible to take the Ames Iowa learner's permit test. Please know, however, that this is a general rule and Ames Iowa may require you to present some additional documentation before you can receive a Ames Iowa learner's permit. We recommend that you call your local Ames Iowa DMV center to learn what specific documents Ames Iowa requires you to bring with you when you visit a driver's license office to take your Ames Iowa learner's permit test. What makes TeenDrivingCourse.com unique is that our Ames Iowa online learners permit course gives you the freedom to start and stop anytime you need to while taking the course. If you value that kind of freedom, then the TeenDrivingCourse.com online Ames Iowa learners permit course is truly the best option for you. Welcome to StreetSmarts Drivers Education. Your son/daughter is currently enrolled in the driver's education course at Ames, Colo-Nesco, Eagle Grove, Dayton, Gilbert, Humboldt, Ogden, Roland-Story, or South Hamilton School District. We will provide 'Best Practice', classroom instruction and competent fundamental. Ames, Iowa DOT office locations, hours of operation, phone numbers, and other contact information. Iowa (/ ˈ aɪ. Ə w ə / ( listen)) is a state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River on the east and the Missouri River and the Big. Even in states that do not permit online driver education, the Ames Iowa driver ed course offered by TeenDrivingCourse.com can still be a valuable tool that will strengthen what you learn in the classroom. Ames Driving Schools Ames Driving Schools The Allonesearch Driving Schools category, also known as drivers training, includes companies offering drivers ed, defensive driving courses, CDL training, driving lessons, and driving classes. There are 3 companies listed in our Driving Schools category for Ames. This page shows listings 1 to 3. If you'd like to check the Driving Schools category for other cities in Iowa click a link on the left. • • Driving Schools • 512 Lynn Ave Ames Iowa 50014 • for more info • • Driving Schools • 3432 Oakland St Ames Iowa 50014 • for more info • • Driving Schools • 1102 Carroll Ave Ames Iowa 50010 • for more info. ![]() Using Soft Systems Methodology at a purchasing department to conduct a study of financial reporting needs. In this chapter a basic foundation will be laid for the reader to be able to better understand the. Connections between action research and SSM is quite natural, even though Peter Checkland. Dynamics, Group Model Building, Modelling as Radical Learning, Agency Dynamics (Lane. (1999), Vennix (1996)), which are approaches near to the interpretive and learning paradigm. 2.2 SOFT SYSTEMS METHODOLOGY (SSM). Peter Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is one of the most developed Systems. • • • Abstract Soft systems methodology (SSM) is an approach for tackling problematical, messy situations of all kinds. It is an action-oriented process of inquiry into problematic situations in which users learn their way from finding out about the situation, to taking action to improve it. The learning emerges via an organised process in which the situation is explored using a set of models of purposeful action (each built to encapsulate a single worldview) as intellectual devices, or tools, to inform and structure discussion about a situation and how it might be improved. This paper, written by the original developer Peter Checkland and practitioner John Poulter, gives a clear and concise account of the approach that covers SSM’s specific techniques, the learning cycle process of the methodology and the craft skills which practitioners develop. This concise but theoretically robust account nevertheless includes the fundamental concepts, techniques, core tenets described through a wide range of settings. • We all live in the midst of a complex interacting flux of changing events and ideas which unrolls through time. We call it ‘everyday life’, both personal and professional. Within that flux we frequently see situations which cause us to think: ‘Something needs to be done about this, it needs to be improved.’ Think of these as ‘problematical situations’, avoiding the word ‘problem’ since this implies ‘solution’, which eliminates the problem for ever. Real life is more complex than that! • Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is an organized way of tackling perceived problematical (social) situations. It is action-oriented. It organizes thinking about such situations so that action to bring about improvement can be taken. • The complexity of problematical situations in real life stems from the fact that not only are they never static, they also contain multiple interacting perceptions of ‘reality’. This comes about because different people have different taken-as-given (and often unexamined) assumptions about the world. This causes them to see it in a particular way. One person’s ‘terrorism’ is another’s ‘freedom fighting’; one person sees a prison in terms of punishment, another sees it as seeking rehabilitation. These people have different worldviews. Tackling problematical situations has to accept this, and has to pitch analysis at a level that allows worldviews to be surfaced and examined. For many people worldviews are relatively fixed; but they can change over time. Sometimes a dramatic event can change them very quickly. • All problematical situations, as well as containing different worldviews, have a second important characteristic. They always contain people who are trying to act purposefully, with intention, not simply acting by instinct or randomly thrashing about - though there is always plenty of that too in human affairs. • The previous two points - the existence of conflicting worldviews and the ubiquity of would-be purposeful action - lead the way to tackling problematical situations. They underpin the SSM approach, a process of inquiry which, through social learning, works its way to taking ‘action to improve’. Its shape is as follows: • 1.Find out about both the problematical situation and the characteristics of the intervention to improve it: the issues, the prevailing culture and the disposition of power within the overall situation (its politics). Ways of doing these things are provided. • 2.From the finding out, decide upon some relevant purposeful activities, relevant that is to exploring the situation deeply, and remembering that the ultimate aim is to define and take ‘action to improve’. Express these relevant purposeful activities as activity models, each made to encapsulate a declared worldview, the model being a cluster of linked activities which together make up a purposeful whole. (For example, one model could express in terms of activities the notion ‘prison’ as if it were only ‘a punishment system’, another could express it as ‘a rehabilitation system’.) Such models never describe the real world, simply because they are based on one pure worldview. They are devices, or tools, to explore it in an organized way. Techniques for building and using such models have been developed. • 3.Use the models as a source of questions to ask of the real-world situation. This provides a coherent structure to a discussion or debate about both the situation and how it might be changed, a discussion which will surface worldviews and generate ideas for change and improvement. • 4.In the course of the discussion, continually bring together the results of the ‘finding out’ in (1) and the ideas for change in (3). The purpose now is to find changes which are both arguably desirable (given these models) but also culturally feasible for these people in this particular situation with its particular history, culture and politics. This is a process of seeking accommodations between different worldviews. That is to say, it is a process of finding versions of the to-be-changed situation which different people with conflicting worldviews could nevertheless live with. (Don’t expect the worldviews to go away, nor wish that they would. Clashing worldviews, always present in human affairs, stimulate energy and ideas for change.) • The elements (1) to (4) above constitute a learning cycle. They have necessarily been described linearly here but in use there is much iteration within the cycle as learning occurs. It is never followed in the flat-footed way in which it has been laid out here for explanatory purposes. Also it is apparent that it is essentially a group process leading to group learning. It is best carried out by people in the problematical situation itself, not left to an outside ‘expert’, though knowledgeable people can facilitate the process. • Taking action to improve a problematical situation will of course itself change that situation, so that the learning cycle could in principle begin again. In any case the changing flux of everyday life will itself bring new events and new ideas, so that no human situation could ever be rendered static. In this sense SSM’s learning cycle can be seen as never-ending. It ultimately offers a way of continuously managing any ongoing human situation. It does this by helping understanding of complex situations, encouraging multiple perspectives to be taken into account, and bringing rigour to processes of analysis, debate and taking ‘action to improve’. 5.1 SSM’s cycle of learning for action 5.1.1 What Can SSM Be Used for? The application area for SSM is very broad. This is not due to megalomania on the authors’ part. Rather it stems from the wide applicability of two key ideas behind SSM. One of these is to create a process of learning your way through problematical situations to ‘action to improve’ - a very general concept indeed. The other is the idea that you can make sure this learning is organized and structured by using, as a source of questions to ask in the real situation, models (systems models) of purposeful activity. This is because every real-world situation contains people trying to act purposely, intentionally. It is the sheer generality of purposeful action - the core of being human - that makes the area in which SSM can be used so huge. Stories of SSM use come from all sizes of company from small firms to large corporations, from organizations in both private and public sectors including the National Health Service. SSM is much used in the world of information systems and information technology. This derives from the fact that for any purposeful activity model (Fig. 5.7 being a very simple example) you can ask of each activity: What information would support doing this activity? And what information would be generated by doing it? Since information is what you get when you attribute meaning to data in a particular context, and meaning attribution depends upon worldview, SSM’s strong emphasis on worldview explains its relevance to this field. In summary, SSM can be used in any human situation which entails thinking about acting purposefully, and is especially useful in any situation in which it is helpful to lift the level of discussion from that of everyday opinions and dogma to that level at which you are asking: What taken-as-given worldview lies behind these assertions of opinion? 5.1.2 Is SSM Mature? Obviously it is never possible to claim that the development of any approach to human inquiry is ‘finished’, though some features of any such process may become so taken-as-given as to appear permanent. For example, in the inquiry process of natural science, if you are testing a new drug you give some patients the drug while others receive a placebo. The difference between the group ingesting the drug and the so-called ‘control’ group taking the placebo tells you what effects the drug produces (given a statistically significant sample size). This pattern would seem to be a permanent feature of scientific experiment. In applied social science, where SSM sits, the situation is less definite. Nevertheless, after hundreds of studies the core processes of SSM do now appear to be well-established, though the application area continues to expand. In the early days each significant study was likely to cause some rethinking of the process itself; but such changes became increasingly rare over the 30-year development period. We now regard it as a mature process. The most recent addition to the literature about its development describes the use of SSM both in relation to the perceived content of the situation in question - SSM (c) and in relation to the process of carrying out the inquiry itself - SSM (p). This is in a paper published in 2006. But this is a case of the literature lagging behind practice, as these twin uses of SSM have been recognized and exploited by those developing the approach since the early 1980s. So SSM is now considered mature enough to justify inclusion in this book. 5.1.3 How Was SSM Created? The classic way of doing research comes from natural science: set up a hypothesis and then test it experimentally. It is not easy to transfer this model of research to the gloriously rich social and human arena, though strenuous efforts to do that have been made over many years. SSM was developed using an alternative model of research, one more suitable for ‘social’ research at the level of a situation, group or organization, namely ‘action research’. In this kind of research you accept the great difficulty of scientific experimental work in human situations, since each human situation is not only unique, but changes through time and exhibits multiple conflicting worldviews. Hence the pattern for the action researcher is to enter a human situation, take part in its activity, and use that experience as the research object. In order to do that, to do more than simply return from the research with a one-off story to tell, it is necessary to declare in advance the intellectual framework you, the researcher, will use to try to make sense of the experience gained. Given such an explicit framework, you can then describe the research experience in the well-defined language of the framework. This makes it possible for anyone outside the work to ‘recover’ it, to see exactly what was done and how the conclusions were reached. This ‘recoverability’ requirement is obviously not as strong as the ‘repeatability’ criterion for scientific findings within natural science. But then human situations are very much more complex than the phenomena studied in physics and chemistry labs! It is the declared framework and recoverability criterion which clearly separate accounts of well-organized action research from novel writing - which, alas, too much published social research resembles. In the action research which produced SSM the initial declared framework was the Systems Engineering approach developed by the Bell Telephone Company from their own case histories. Systems Engineering (SE) is a process of naming a ‘system’ (assumed to be some complex object which exists or could exist in the real world), defining its objectives, and then using an array of techniques developed in the 1950s and 1960s to ‘engineer’ the system to meet its objectives. This framework was rapidly found to be poverty-stricken when faced with the complexity of human situations. It was too thin, not rich enough to deal with fizzing social complexity. The SE framework was modified (and enriched) in the light of and in direct response to real-life experiences. Eventually, we had in our hands an adequately rich framework, but it was far removed from the starting point in SE. It became known as Soft Systems Methodology. It then took some time for even its pioneers to realize just how radical the shift had been from SE to SSM. Having introduced the notion of ‘worldview’ - essential in dealing with human social complexity - we were thereafter thinking of systems models not as descriptions of something in the real world but simply as devices (based on worldview) to organize a debate about ‘change to bring about improvement’. That was the key step in finding our way to SSM. This important shift in thinking is not abstruse, but it turns out to be very difficult for many people to grasp, simply because everyone is so used to the casual everyday-language use of the word ‘system’. In ordinary talk we constantly refer to complex chunks of the everyday world as systems, even though they do not come close to meeting the requirements of that concept. We speak of ‘the education system’, ‘health-care systems’, ‘the prison system ‘, etc. Using the word ‘system’ simply to indicate a chunk of reality which seems to be very complex but is, in some vague sense, a whole, something which might be better ‘engineered’. Figure gives a visual indication of the shift in thinking as SE was transformed into SSM. Once the end point in Fig. Was reached, and the SSM framework had been established, it was further developed, modified and honed in a few hundred new experiences. Out of this came a model which captures all of these developmental experiences. The model, known as the LUMAS model is shown in Fig.. (It is in fact a generic model for making sense of any real-world application of any methodology, remembering that that word covers a set of principles which need to be embodied in an application tailored to meet the unique features of a particular situation.). 5.3 The LUMAS model - learning for a user by a methodically-informed approach to a situation LUMAS stands for Learning for a User by a Methodology-informed Approach to a Situation. In order to ‘read’ this model, start from the user (U) in the centre. He or she, perceiving a problem situation (S) and appreciating the methodology (M), tailors the latter to the former to produce the specific approach (A) to be used in this situation (S). This not only produces an improved situation but also yields learning (L). This will change the user, who has gained this experience, and may also modify or enrich appreciation of the methodology. Every use of SSM can in principle be described in the language of this model. It is the gradually diminishing activity, over the years, of development occurring along the arrow which links L and M that makes it legitimate to describe SSM as mature. 5.1.4 How Does SSM Differ from Other Systems Approaches? As described above, changes had to be made to Systems Engineering when it proved too blunt an instrument to deal with the complexity of human situations. Those changes explain SSM’s difference from the other systems approaches developed in the 1950s and 1960s. SE is an archetypal example of what is now known as ‘hard’ systems thinking. Its belief is: the world contains interacting systems. They can be ‘engineered’ to achieve their objectives. This is the stance not only of SE; this thinking also underpins classic Operational Research, RAND Corporation ‘systems analysis’, the Viable System Model, early applications of System Dynamics and the original forms of computer systems analysis. None of these approaches pays attention to the existence of conflicting worldviews, something which characterizes all social interactions. In order to incorporate the concept of worldview into the approach being developed, it was necessary to abandon the idea that the world is a set of systems. In SSM the (social) world is taken to be very complex, problematical, mysterious, characterized by clashes of worldview. It is continually being created and recreated by people thinking, talking and taking action. However, our coping with it, our process of inquiry into it, can itself be organized as a learning system. So the notion of systemicity (‘systemness’) appears in the process of inquiry into the world, rather than in the world itself. This shift created ‘soft’ as opposed to ‘hard’ systems thinking, the different stances adopted by the two being shown in Fig., itself another version of Fig. This brings us to the end of a skeletal account of SSM as a whole. The next sections expand on this, describing the techniques used in the cyclic process in detail. Meanwhile it seems worthwhile to try to summarize the broad account of SSM in a couple of sentences. SSM is an action-oriented process of inquiry into problematical situations in the everyday world; users learn their way from finding out about the situation to defining/taking action to improve it. The learning emerges via an organized process in which the real situation is explored, using as intellectual devices - which serve to provide structure to discussion -models of purposeful activity built to encapsulate pure, stated worldviews. 5.2 SSM in Practice. The aim of the work which led to the development of Soft Systems Methodology (Checkland 1981) was to find a better way of dealing with a kind of situation we continually find ourselves facing in everyday life: a situation about which we have the feeling that ‘something needs to be done about this’. We shall call such situations ‘problematical’, rather than describing them as ‘problem situations’, since they may not present a well-defined ‘problem’ to be ‘solved’ out of existence - everyday life is more complex than that! A company might feel that it needs to stimulate sales, perhaps by introducing a new product; or should they bid for the equity of a smaller rival? A university may feel that its student intake is too biased towards students from middle-class homes. What are the implications of changing that? A government may struggle to define legislation which would increase the feeling of security on the streets, given the threat of terrorism, without diminishing civil liberties. A local council may be receiving complaints that the delivery of its services is not sufficiently ‘citizen-friendly’. What should it do? A head teacher may wonder how to decide whether to take on the responsibility for providing school meals (the school benefiting from any surplus generated) or to leave that function to the local education authority. An individual may develop a sense of unease about the future viability of the firm he or she works for, and wonder whether to look for a job elsewhere. All these are ‘problematical situations’. They could be tackled in various ways: by appealing to previous experience; intuitively; by randomly thrashing about (never a shortage of that in human situations); by responding emotionally; or they could be addressed by using SSM. So what is it? It is an organized, flexible process for dealing with situations which someone sees as problematical, situations which call for action to be taken to improve them, to make them more acceptable, less full of tensions and unanswered questions. The ‘process’ referred to is an organized process of thinking your way to taking sensible ‘action to improve’ the situation; and, finally, it is a process based on a particular body of ideas, namely systems ideas. That these ideas have proved themselves to be useful in dealing with the complexity of the social world is hardly surprising. Social situations are always complex due to multiple interactions between different elements in a problematical situation as a whole, and systems ideas are fundamentally concerned with the interactions between parts of a whole. So it is systems ideas which help to structure the thinking. (However, the way systems ideas are used within SSM is fundamentally different from the way they inform the various earlier systems approaches developed in the 1950s and 1960s). In order to ensure that the previous two paragraphs are clear, we need to unpack them somewhat, and say a little more about the crucial elements within them. Four elements in the paragraphs above will be expanded: ‘everyday life and problematical situations’; ‘tackling such situations’; a ‘flexible process’, and ‘the use of systems ideas’. 5.2.1 Everyday Life and Problematical Situations As members of the human tribe we experience everyday life as being quite exceptionally complex. We feel ourselves to be carried along on an on-rushing turbulent stream, a flux of happenings, ideas, emotions, actions, all mediated through the slippery agency of language, all continually changing. Our response to our immersion in this stream is not simply to experience it. Beyond that, we have an innate desire to try to see it, if we can, as meaningful. We attribute meaning to it - the ability to do this being one of the characteristics which marks us out as human. Part of this meaning attribution is to see chunks of the ongoing flux as ‘situations’. Nothing is intrinsically ‘a situation’; it is our perceptions which create them as such, and in doing that we know that they are not static; their boundaries and their content will change over time. Some of the situations we perceive, because they affect us in some way, cause us to feel a need to tackle them, to do something about them, to improve them. 5.2.2 Tackling Problematical Situations As we tackle a situation we see as problematical, we are intervening in order to take action intended to bring about improvement. In order to do that sensibly we need to have a clear idea of what it is we are intervening in. This means having a clear view of the nature of the flux which constitutes everyday life. We have already described it as complex, changing, and having multiple strands: events, ideas, emotions, actions. To this we can add an answer to the question: What then happens when we intervene in a part of the flux seen as a problematical situation? When we interact with real-world situations we make judgements about them: are they ‘good’ or ‘bad’, ‘acceptable’ or ‘unacceptable’, ‘permanent’ or ‘transient’? Now, to make any judgement we have to appeal to some criteria or standards, these being the characteristics which define ‘good’ or ‘bad’ etc. For example an ‘eco-warrior’ would judge any economic activity ‘good’ only if it met the environmentalists’ criteria for ‘good’, namely ‘environmentally friendly’ and ‘sustainable’. A ‘capitalist’ would see an economic activity as ‘good’ if it were ‘profitable’. And where do such criteria come from? They will be formed partially by our genetic inheritance from our parents, the kind of person we are innately - and, most significantly, from our previous experience of the world. Over time these criteria and the interpretations they lead to will tend to firm up into a relatively stable outlook through which we then perceive the world. We develop ‘worldviews’, built-in tendencies to see the world in a particular way. It is different worldviews which make one person ‘liberal’, another ‘reactionary’. Worldviews cause one observer’s ‘terrorism’ to be another’s ‘freedom fighting’. Such world-views are relatively stable but can change over time. Thus a paranoid person whose worldview is ‘this hostile world owes me a living’ might become a more integrated member of society as a result of experiencing love and generosity. This concept of worldview (the German Weltanschauung being the best technical word for it) is the most important concept in understanding the complexity of human situations, and indeed, the nature and form of SSM. 5.2.3 A Flexible Process It is obvious from the argument so far that any approach able to deal with the changing complexity of real life will have to be flexible. It could never be reduced to a sequence of steps, which might be handed over to an intelligently programmed robot. It needs to be flexible enough to cope with the fact that every situation involving human beings is unique. The human world is one in which nothing ever happens twice, not in exactly the same way. This means that an approach to problematical human situations has to be a methodology rather than a method, or technique. A methodology, as the word indicates, is a logos of method; that is to say it is a set of ongoing principles which can be adapted for use in a way which suits the specific nature of each situation in which it is used. SSM provides a set of principles which can be both adopted and adapted for use in any real situation in which people are intent on taking action to improve it. 5.2.4 The Use of Systems Ideas As stated above, systems ideas concern interaction between parts which make up a whole; also, the complexity of real situations is always to a large extent due to the many interactions between different elements in human situations. So it is not surprising that systems ideas have some relevance to dealing with real-world complexity (though they are only very rarely useful in describing that complexity). The core systems idea or concept is that of an adaptive whole (a ’system’) which can survive through time by adapting to changes in its environment. The concept is illustrated in Fig.. A system S receives shocks from its changing environment E. If it is to survive, it requires communication processes (to know what is going on) and control processes (possible adaptive responses to the shocks). Also, the system may contain sub-systems SS, or may itself be seen by a different observer as only a sub-system of some wider system. The idea of a layered structure is thus fundamental in systems thinking. Finally, what is said to be a system must have some properties as a single whole, so-called emergent properties. The relevance of this kind of thinking to SSM emerged when it was realised that every single real-world problematical situation, whether in a small firm making wheelbarrows, a multi-national oil company, or in the National Health Service (which employs more than a million people) has one characteristic in common. All such situations contain people trying to act purposefully not simply acting by instinct or splashing about at random. From this observation comes the key idea of treating purposeful action as a system. A way of representing purposeful action as a system, i.e. An adaptive whole (in line with Fig. ) was invented. Figure shows its general form. 5.7 A simple example of an activity model: a system to paint the garden fence by hand painting The model in Fig. Is essentially within the worldview of whoever would do the fence painting. It is an instrumental model which spells out what is entailed in painting a garden fence. It could express the householder’s worldview: ‘I can do useful DIY jobs to improve my property.’ However, if painting the fence were an issue in a real situation other worldviews would be relevant, even in an example as trivial as this - for example, in this case, those of the neighbours or the partner of the fence-painter. In general there will always be a number of worldviews which could be taken into account leading to a number of relevant models. Suppose, for example, you were carrying out an SSM study of the future of the Olympic Games. For anything as complex as this global phenomenon it is obvious that it could be looked at from the perspective of worldviews attributed to the International Olympic Committee, the host country, the host city, the athletes, the athletes’ coaches, the spectators, hot dog sellers, commercial sponsors, those responsible for security, television companies, a terrorist group seeking publicity for their cause, etc. This list could go on and on; there could never be a single model relevant to all these different interests. An important consequence flows from this: these purposeful activity models can never be descriptions of (part of) the real world. Each of them expresses one way of looking at and thinking about the real situation, and there will be multiple possibilities. So how can such models be made useful? The answer is to see them as devices (intellectual devices) which are a source of good questions to ask about the real situation, enabling it to be explored richly. For example, we could focus on the differences between a model and the situation, and ask whether we would like activity in the situation to be more, or less, like that in the model. Such questioning organizes and structures a discussion/debate about the real-world situation, the purpose of that discussion being to surface different worldviews and to seek possible ways of changing the problematical situation for the better. This means finding an accommodation, that is to say a version of the situation which different people with different worldviews could nevertheless live with. Given the different worldviews which will always be present in any human situation, this means finding possible changes which meet two criteria simultaneously. They must be arguably desirable, given the outcomes of using the models to question the real situation, but must also be culturally feasible for these particular people in this particular situation with unique history and the unique narrative which its participants will have constructed over time in order to make sense of their experience. Figure illustrates this. • A problematical real-world situation seen as calling for action to improve it • Models of purposeful activity relevant to this situation (not describing it) • A process of using the models as devices to explore the situation • A structured debate about desirable and feasible change This gives the bare bones of the process of SSM, whose shape can now be described. 5.2.5 What Is the SSM Process? The SSM process takes the form of a cycle. It is, properly used, a cycle of learning which goes from finding out about a problematical situation to defining/taking action to improve it. The learning which takes place is social learning of the group undertaking the study, though each individual’s learning will be, to a greater or lesser extent, personal to them given their different experiences of the world, and hence the different worldviews which they will bring to the study. Taking action as a result of the study will of course change the starting situation into a new situation, so that in principle the cycle could begin again (a relevant system then being ‘a system to make these changes’). SSM is thus not only a methodology for a specially set-up study or project; it is, more generally, a way of managing any real-world purposeful activity in an ongoing sense. This description of the cycle as activities (1) to (4) may give a false impression that we are describing a sequence of steps. Although virtually all investigations will be initiated by finding out about the problematical situation, once SSM is being used, activity will go on simultaneously in more than one of the ‘steps’. For example, starting the organized discussion about the situation (3) will normally lead not only to further new finding out (1), perhaps focused on aspects previously ignored, but also to further new choices of ‘relevant’ systems to model. In real life, an investigation which sets out narrowly to improve, say, aspects of product distribution in a manufacturing company’s distribution department, may well later sweep in issues concerning, perhaps, communications between production and marketing departments. Figure illustrates a typical pattern of activity of the kind which emerges as an investigation digs deeper. 5.10 A typical pattern of activity during an SSM investigation Figure shows an on-going ‘finding out’ activity, three bursts of model building, discussion fed by both the models and the finding out, which itself leads to more finding out and more modelling. The final (fourth) burst of modelling shown here as an example follows from defining the ‘action to improve’ and would consist of purposeful activity models relevant to carrying out the action agreed. Finally, in describing the SSM cycle, we could add (though this is really a point from the end of this chapter) that as users of SSM become more sophisticated they treat Fig. Not at all as a prescription to be followed, but as a model to make sense of their experience as they mentally negotiate their way through the problematical situation. The previous sections have still focused on the basic question about SSM - what is it? Additionally, they have provided some context for its development, its application areas and the crucial difference from the systems approaches of the l950s and 1960s. In the next sections the focus shifts more to ‘how’ rather than ‘what’: How exactly does the user move through the learning cycle of SSM, shown in Fig., in order to define useful change? Which techniques for finding out, modelling and using models to question the real situation have shown themselves robust enough to survive in many different circumstances, so that they have become part of the classic approach? The account here will follow the four basic activities of the broad-brush account (finding out, modelling, using the models to structure debate, and defining/taking action), with the usual reminder that activity in any project using SSM will reflect the kind of pattern shown in Fig. Rather than a stately linear progress. 5.2.6 The SSM Learning Cycle: Finding Out Four ways of finding out about a problematical situation have survived many tests and become a normal part of using SSM. In the language of SSM they are known as ‘making Rich Pictures’ and carrying out three kinds of inquiry, known as ‘Analyses One, Two and Three’. These focus, respectively, on the intervention itself, a social analysis (What kind of ‘culture’ is this?) and a political analysis (What is the disposition of power here?). They will be described in turn. 5.2.6.1 Making Rich Pictures. Entering a real situation in order first to understand it and then to begin to change it in the direction of ‘improvement’ calls for a particular frame of mind in the user of SSM. On the one hand the enquirer needs to be sponge-like, soaking up as much as possible of what the situation presents to someone who may be initially an outsider. On the other hand, although holding back from imposing a favoured pattern on the first impressions, the enquirer needs to have in mind a range of ‘prompts’ which will ensure that a wide range of aspects are looked. Initially two dense and cogent questions were used as a prompt. • What resources are deployed in what operational processes under what planning procedures within what structures, in what environments and wider systems, by whom? • How is resource deployment monitored and controlled? Certainly, if you can answer these questions you know quite a lot about the situation addressed. But these questions did not survive as a formal part of SSM. The problem with them is that when they were formulated, in the early days of SSM development, the thinking of the pioneers had not sufficiently divorced itself from thinking of the world as a set of systems. The questions imply intervention in some real-world system - hence the references to ‘wider systems’ and to monitoring and control - rather than the intervention being addressed to a situation. The questions would no doubt have been changed eventually as the true nature of SSM was realized. However, what happened instead was that the questions were dropped because the phrase ‘rich picture’ quickly moved from being a metaphor to being a literal description of an account of the situation as a picture. The rationale behind this was as follows. The complexity of human situations is always one of multiple interacting relationships. A picture is a good way to show relationships; in fact it is a much better medium for that purpose than linear prose. Hence as knowledge of a situation was assembled - by talking to people, by conducting more formal interviews, by attending meetings, by reading documents, etc. - it became normal to begin to draw simple pictures of the situation. These became richer as inquiry proceeded, and so such pictures are never finished in any ultimate sense. But they were found invaluable for expressing crucial relationships in the situation and, most importantly, for providing something which could be tabled as a basis for discussion. Users would say: ‘This is how we are seeing your situation. Could we talk you through it so that you can comment on it and draw attention to anything you see as errors or omissions?’ In making a Rich Picture the aim is to capture, informally, the main entities, structures and viewpoints in the situation, the processes going on, the current recognized issues and any potential ones. Here is a real-world problematical situation described in a paragraph of prose: The newly appointed headteacher of an 11s-to-18s school, which has overspent its budget in the last year or two, finds herself, in her first term, facing an issue concerning the provision of school meals. Currently these are provided by the county education authority through their catering services company, the contract being renewed annually. A member of that company who is leaving to set up her own catering company urges the headteacher to make a contract with her instead of the county, suggesting the school could save money on this. Some staff members agree with this, others want to stick with the status quo. Some parents, alerted by a national debate about school meals, want more nutritious meals as long as they don’t cost more. Pupils say: ‘We like burgers and chips.’ The school governors are discussing this issue; the Chairman, himself MD of a catering company, is urging the headteacher to be entrepreneurial and to take on responsibility for the provision of school meals, believing this could be profitable for the school. Figure represents this situation in a Rich Picture. Our point is that this picture is a more useful piece of paper than the prose account. It could lead to better-than-usual level of discussion because not only can it be taken in as a whole but also it displays the multiple relationships which the head teacher has to manage, not just immediately, but through time. That is the power of such pictures, though we have to remember that however rich they are they could be richer, and that such pictures record a snapshot of a situation which will itself not remain static for very long. Wise practitioners continually produce such pictures as an aid to thinking. They become a normal way of capturing impressions and insights. Whenever SSM is used to try and improve a problematical situation three elements - the methodology, the use of the methodology by a practitioner and the situation - are brought together in a particular relationship, namely that shown in Fig. The practitioner will adapt the principles and techniques of the methodology to organize the task of addressing and intervening in the situation, aiming at taking action to improve it. In developing SSM, this process was organized in a sequence of real situations, and it was quickly found useful to think about Fig., in a particular way. Three key roles were always present. It is important to see why these are named as ‘roles’ rather than particular people. It is because one person (or group) might be in more than one role. For example, if the head teacher in the Rich Picture (Fig. ) were to herself carry out an SSM-based study of her complex situation, she would not only be both ‘client’ and ‘practitioner’, she would also be one of the people in the list of ‘issue owners’ who care about the outcome. Sometimes a manager who causes an intervention to take place delegates detailed involvement in it to others, and so is only in the role ‘client’. In this case the person(s) in the ‘practitioner’ role needs to take steps to ensure that the ‘client’ is kept informed about the course of the intervention so that the outcome when it emerges does not come as a big surprise. In every case the ‘practitioner’ needs to make sure that the resources available to carry out the investigation are in line with its ambition. Don’t undertake a study of ‘the future of the A-level examination in British education’ if you have only got one man and a boy to work on it between now and next Thursday. 5.13 SSM’s Analysis One Much learning came out of the simple thinking which led to this ‘Analysis One’. For example, it was always useful to think about the client’s aspirations for the intervention. They should always be taken seriously but should not be the sole focus of the work done. Thus, the person(s) in the ‘client’ role should be in the list of possible ‘issue owners’ but should very definitely not be the only one in the list. In this connection it was interesting to hear a senior manager from the RAND Corporation declare, some years ago, ‘The RAND analyst places his or her expertise at the disposal of a real-world decision-taker who has to be a legitimate holder of power.’ In the language of Fig. This was to declare that for RAND the client is the issue owner, full stop. This cuts off all the richness which comes from the practitioner compiling a list of persons or groups who could be taken to be issue owners; for it is that list which introduces multiple worldviews. They in turn open up the chance of a richness of learning at a deep level for all involved in the intervention, leading, perhaps, to major change. The RAND manager’s statement would define the practitioner as only a servant to the legitimately powerful. In the situation shown in Fig., for example, ‘issue owners’ might include: the head teacher; the school governors, staff and pupils; parents; the county education authority and their catering services company; other catering companies, etc. The many worldviews from such a list give a chance that the richness of the inquiry can cope with the complexity of the real situation. They suggest ideas for ‘relevant’ activity models - ones likely to be insightful. Some final learning, which is important in understanding SSM as a whole, comes from the fact that the person(s) in the ‘practitioner’ role can include themselves in the list of possible ‘issue owners’. Normally SSM is thought of as a means of addressing the problematical content of the situation, which will include would-be purposeful action by people in the situation. It is that, of course. However, the practitioner(s) is about to carry out another purposeful activity, that of doing the study, which is a task always associated with the practitioner role. Carrying out the investigation can be thought about, and planned, using models relevant to doing this. Thus SSM can be applied both to grappling with the content of the situation and to deciding how to carry it out. These two kinds of use of the methodology are known as ‘SSM (c)’ and ‘SSM (p)’ - c for content, p for process. Use of SSM (p) often leads to the first models made in the course of an intervention being models related to doing the study. Figure illustrates these two ways of using SSM. 5.14 SSM(p) concerned with the process of using SSM to do the study and SSM(c) concerned with the problematical content 5.2.6.3 Carrying Out Analysis Two (Social) It might seem obvious that if you are going to intervene in, and change, a human situation, you ought to have a clear idea about what it is you are intervening in. You should have some sense of what you take ‘social reality’ to be. However, this is not too obvious! The Management Science field, for example, tries to get by through concentrating almost entirely on the logic of situations, even though the motivators of much human action lie outside logic, in cultural norms or emotions. So, if we are to be effective in social situations, we have to take ‘culture’ seriously and decide what we mean by it. This is especially important for SSM as an action-oriented approach. If we are to learn our way to practical action which will improve a situation under investigation, then the changes involved in ‘improvement’ have to be not only arguably desirable but also culturally feasible. They need to be possible for these particular people, with their particular history and their particular ways of looking at the world. We have to understand the local ‘culture’, at a level beyond that of individual worldviews. This might be straightforward if there were an agreed definition of exactly what we mean by ‘culture’. However, there is no agreed definition, though the concept is much discussed by anthropologists, sociologists and people writing in the management literature. By the 1950s, a survey (by Kluckhohn and Kroeber) found 300 different definitions, and no agreement has been reached since then! In spite of that, everyone has a general, diffuse sense of what the word means. If you say “This is a ‘can-do’ culture”, or “This is a ‘buttoned-up culture’”, or assert that ‘The Civil Service is a punishment-avoiding, rather than a reward-seeking culture’ then it will be accepted that you have said something meaningful. To anyone familiar with the society in question, those statements will have conveyed some sense of the ‘feel’, or ‘flavour’, of the situation: its social texture. In order to pin down such feelings more firmly, in a way which makes practical sense, SSM makes use of a particular model. This is a model which does not claim the status of rounded theory, but it has proved itself useful in situations from small firms dominated by individuals to large corporations which develop and (partially) impose their own norms. 5.15 SSM’s model for getting a sense of the social texture of a human situation Together the three elements help to create the social texture of a human situation, something which will both endure and change over time. Consider the three elements in turn. Roles are social positions which mark differences between members of a group or organization. They may be formally recognized, as when a large organization has, say, a chief executive, directors, department heads, section heads and members of sections. But in any local culture informal roles also develop. Individuals may develop a reputation as ‘a boat-rocker’, or ‘a licensed jester’ - someone who can get away with saying things others would suppress. The informal roles which are recognized in a given culture tell you a lot about it. Norms are the expected behaviours associated with, and helping to define, a role. Suppose you told a friend you were going to meet ‘the vice-chancellor of a UK university’ next day. If you returned from the meeting and said that the VC sat picking her teeth, with her feet on the table, and was very foul-mouthed, your friend would be flabbergasted. Such behaviour is way outside the expected behaviour of someone in the role of VC in British society. Values are the standards - the criteria - by which behaviour-in-role gets judged. In all human groups there is always plenty of gossip related to this. People love to discuss behaviour in role and reach judgements which praise or disparage: ‘He’s a very efficient town clerk who services committees well’; ‘She’s an ineffective vice-chancellor who won’t take decisions.’ It is obvious from these definitions that the three elements - roles, norms, values - are closely related to each other, dynamically, and that they change over time as the world moves on. Anyone who has ever been promoted within an organization will know that occupying the new role changes them, as they adopt a new perspective appropriate to the role. Equally, how they enact the new role will have its effect, in future, on the local norm - the behaviour which people expect from whoever fills that role. The elements also change over time at a macro level. For example, when the authors were growing up in British society the worst role for a young woman to find herself in was to be an unmarried mother. At that time, society judged harshly the behaviour which led to this. Not anymore; the social stigma attached to the role has disappeared in the UK over the last 50 years. So how exactly is the model of linked roles, norms and values in Fig. At the start of an intervention open a file marked ‘Analysis Two’. Then, every time you interact with the situation - talking to people informally, reading a document, sitting in a meeting, conducting an interview, having a drink in the pub after work - ask yourself afterwards whether that taught you anything about the roles, norms and values which are taken seriously here and characterize this particular group. Record the finding in the ‘Analysis Two’ file. Carry on doing this throughout the engagement, and put a date on every entry so that later on you can recover the progress of your learning, and reflect upon it. Figure summarizes Analysis Two. 5.16 SSM’s Analysis Two 5.2.6.4 Carrying Out Analysis Three (Political) The experienced reader will have noticed that so far in this discussion of ‘Finding Out’ about a problematical situation we have made no mention of the politics of a situation, an aspect which is always powerful in deciding what does or does not get done. That is the focus of Analysis Three: to find out the disposition of power in a situation and the processes for containing it. That is always a powerful element in determining what is ‘culturally feasible’, politics being a part of culture not addressed directly in the examination of roles, norms and values of Analysis Two. The ‘political science’ literature contains many models - usually fairly complex ones - which set out to express the nature of polities. The model used in SSM, in Analysis Three, does not come from that literature but from some basic ideas found in the work of the founding father of the field: Aristotle. Aristotle argues that in any society (for him, the Greek city-state) in which human beings constantly interact, different interests will be being pursued. If the society as a whole is to remain coherent over time, not breaking up into destructive factions, then those differing interests will have to be accommodated; they will never go away. Accommodating different interests is the concern of politics; this entails creating a power-based structure within which potentially destructive power-play in pursuit of interests can nevertheless be contained. This is a general requirement in all human groups which endure, not only in societies as a whole. There will be an unavoidable political dimension in companies, in international sport, in health-care provision, in the local tennis club - in fact in any human affairs which involve deliberate action by people who can hold different worldviews and hence pursue different interests. Analysis Three in SSM asks: How is power expressed in this situation? This is tackled through the metaphor of a ‘commodity’ which embodies power. What are the ‘commodities’ which signal that power is possessed in this situation? Then: What are the processes, by which these commodities are obtained, used, protected, defended, passed on, relinquished, etc.? Figure summarizes Analysis Three. The commodities which indicate power in human groups are, of course, many and various. There is a link here to Analysis Two, since occupying a particular role embodies power: the chief constable has more power than a detective sergeant, by virtue of his role. Other common commodities of power include, for example: personal charisma; membership of various committees in organizations; having regular access to powerful role-holders; in knowledge-based settings, having intellectual authority and reputation; having authority to prepare the minutes of meetings - a chore, perhaps, but it gives you some power! Many commodities of power derive from information. Having access to important information, or being able to prevent others from having access to certain information, is a much-used commodity of power in most organizations. 5.17 SSM’s Analysis Three A dramatic example of an unusual commodity of power in a specific SSM project was revealed when two managers in a consultancy company were being interviewed as a pair. They began to disagree with each other and, in a deliberate bit of power-play, one of them suddenly said: ‘You say that, but you’re NKT; I’m KT’. This local private language within this company referred to those partners who ‘knew Tom’ and those, more recent joiners, who ‘never knew Tom’, Tom being the charismatic founder of the company, now deceased. This taught those facilitating this use of SSM that there was an unstated but very real hierarchy here. The KTs, Tom’s original disciples, were much more influential than the come-lately NKTs. This indicated that the only changes likely to be culturally feasible in this situation would be those supported by the KTs, whose power stemmed from their association with the charismatic Tom. This is an interesting example of a commodity of power which would gradually fade over time. And this itself reminds us that, as with Analysis Two, Analysis Three deals with elements which are continually being redefined as life moves on. The way of doing this analysis echoes that of Analysis Two: open a file and record in it - with a date - any learning gained about power and the processes through which it is exercised. Do this, and reflect upon it, over the whole course of an investigation. 5.2.6.5 The SSM Learning Cycle: Making Purposeful Activity Models As explained earlier, in order to ensure that learning can be captured, SSM users create an organized process of enquiry and learning. They do this by making models of purposeful activity and using them as a basis for asking questions of the real-world situation. This kind of model is used because every human situation reveals people trying to act purposefully. Since each model is built according to a declared single worldview (e.g. ‘the Olympic Games from the perspective of the host city’) such models could never be definitive descriptions of the real world. They model one way of looking at complex reality. They exist only as devices whose job is to make sure the learning process is not random, but organized, one which can be recovered and reflected on. This section describes how to make these devices. The task is to construct a model of a purposeful ‘activity system’ viewed through the perspective of a pure, declared worldview, one which has been fingered as relevant to this investigation. In order to do that we need a statement describing the activity system to be modelled. Such descriptions are known in SSM as Root Definitions (RDs), the metaphor ‘root’ conveying that this is only one, core way of describing the system. A too-simple example would be: ‘A system to paint the garden fence’. Here the worldview is unclear, and it is obvious that a richer description would lead to a richer outcome when the model is used as a source of questions to ask of the real situation. A number of ways of enriching an RD have shown themselves to be useful. For example, we could more richly express the RD above as: ‘A householder-owned and staffed system to paint the garden fence, by hand-painting, in keeping with the overall decoration scheme of the property in order to enhance the appearance of the property’. This makes clear that the model takes a householder’s worldview as given, and that that particular householder believes in DIY activity to improve it. In addition it not only describes what the system does (paint the fence); it also says how (by hand-painting) and why (to enhance the appearance of the property). (Also the worldview assumes a link between painting and improving appearance.) Clearly this would lead to a richer questioning of the real situation to which this purposeful activity was thought to be relevant as a device to structure the questioning. The PQR formula: The formula followed in enriching the fence-painting RD above is always helpful, and can apply to every RD ever written. It is known in SSM as ‘the PQR formula’: do P, by Q, in order to help achieve R, where PQR answer the questions: What? PQR provides a useful shape for any and every RD. Remember, though, in using PQR, that if the formula is complete, with all three elements defined, then the transforming process is captured in Q, the declared ‘how’. In the simple example above the Q is ‘hand-painting’ (not simply ‘painting’). Also, though it is not an issue in this example, the model builder has to be able to defend Q as a plausible ‘how’ for the ‘what’ defined by P. If you were to write ‘define health-care needs’ as P and then define Q only as ‘by asking patients for their views’ this would not be easily defensible. The Root Definition: The PQR formula allows you to write out the RD as a statement. This always describes the purposeful activity being modelled as a transformation process, one in which some entity (in the example an ‘unpainted fence’) is transformed into a different state (here, a ‘painted fence’). Any purposeful activity you can think of can be expressed in this way, which is useful because it makes model building a straightforward process. For complex activities the entity being transformed will probably be best expressed in an abstract way, for example: ‘the health-care needs of Coketown citizens’ transformed into ‘the health-care needs of Coketown citizens met’. But the idea of purposeful activity as a transformation always holds, whether the transformation is concrete or abstract. Putting together the activities needed to describe the transforming process (i.e. ‘building the model’) can begin when an RD is complete, but before moving on to this, elements 3 and 4 in Fig. Should be considered. They further enrich the modelling and improve it as a source of questions to ask in the real situation. Contents • • • • • • • • • • Overview [ ] The methodology was developed from earlier approaches, primarily by and colleagues such as. The primary use of SSM is in the analysis of complex situations where there are divergent views about the definition of the problem. These situations are 'soft problems' such as: How to improve health services delivery? How to manage disaster planning? When should mentally disordered offenders be diverted from custody? What to do about homelessness amongst young people? In such situations even the actual problem to be addressed may not be easy to agree upon. To intervene in such situations the soft systems approach uses the notion of a ' as an interrogative device that will enable debate amongst concerned parties. In its 'classic' form the methodology consists of seven steps, with initial appreciation of the problem situation leading to the modelling of several that might be thought relevant to the problem situation. By discussions and exploration of these, the decision makers will arrive at accommodations (or, exceptionally, at consensus) over what kind of changes may be systemically desirable and feasible in the situation. Later explanations of the ideas give a more sophisticated view of this systemic method, and give more attention to locating the methodology in respect to its philosophical underpinnings. It is the earlier classical view which is most widely used in practice. There are several hundred documented examples of the successful use of SSM in many different fields, ranging from, to business and military logistics. It has been adopted by many organizations and incorporated into other approaches: in the 1990s for example it was the recommended planning tool for the 's. The general applicability of the approach has led to some criticisms that it is functionalist, non-emancipatory or supports the status quo and existing power structures; this is a claim that users would deny, arguing that the methodology itself can be none of these, it is the user of the methodology that may choose to employ it in such a way. The methodology has been described in several books and many academic articles. [ ] SSM remains the most widely used and practical application of, [ ] and other systems approaches such as have incorporated many of its ideas. The 7-stage description [ ] 7-stage representation of SSM: • Enter situation considered problematical • Express the problem situation • Formulate root definitions of relevant systems of purposeful activity • Build conceptual models of the systems named in the root definitions • Compare models with real world situations • Define possible changes which are both possible and feasible • Take action to improve the problem situation CATWOE [ ] In 1975, David Smyth, a researcher in Checkland's department, observed that SSM was most successful when the Root Definition included certain elements. These elements, captured in the mnemonic CATWOE, identified the people, processes and environment that contribute to a situation, issue or problem that required analyzing. This is used to prompt thinking about what the business is trying to achieve. Business Perspectives help the Business Analyst to consider the impact of any proposed solution on the people involved. There are six elements of CATWOE Customers - Who are the beneficiaries of the highest level business process and how does the issue affect them? Actors - Who is involved in the situation, who will be involved in implementing solutions and what will impact their success? Transformation Process - What is the transformation that lies at the heart of the system - transforming grapes into wine, transforming unsold goods into sold goods, transforming a societal need into a societal need met? Weltanschauung (or Worldview) - What is the big picture and what are the wider impacts of the issue? Owner - Who owns the process or situation being investigated and what role will they play in the solution? Environmental Constraints - What are the constraints and limitations that will impact the solution and its success? Human activity system [ ] A human activity system can be defined as 'notional system (i.e. Not existing in any tangible form) where human beings are undertaking some activities that achieve some purpose' (Patching, 1990). See also [ ]. • Checkland, P.B. (2001) Soft Systems Methodology, in J. Rosenhead and J. Mingers (eds), Rational Analysis for a Problematic World Revisited. Chichester: Wiley •. Chris Jarvis for the BOLA Project. Retrieved 2009-04-09. • Patching, D. (1990) Practical soft systems analysis, Pitman Further reading [ ] Books [ ] • Wilson, B. And van Haperen, K. (2015) Soft Systems Thinking, Methodology and the Management of Change (including the history of the systems engineering department at Lancaster University), London: Palgrave MacMillan.. • Checkland, P.B. Scholes (2001) Soft Systems Methodology in Action, in J. Rosenhead and J. Mingers (eds), Rational Analysis for a Problematic World Revisited. Chichester: Wiley • Checkland, P.B. & Poulter, J. (2006) Learning for Action: A short definitive account of Soft Systems Methodology and its use for Practitioners, teachers and Students,, Chichester. • Checkland, P.B. Systems Thinking, Systems Practice, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. • Checkland, P.B. Holwell Information, Systems and Information Systems, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Systems: Concepts, Methodologies and Applications, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Soft Systems Methodology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Articles [ ] • Dale Couprie et al. (2007) Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary. Mobach, Jos J. Van der Werf & F.J. Tromp (2000)., in papers ISSS meeting 2000. • Ian Bailey (2008). - In, 18, 39-55. (ISSN 0308-9541). A review of soft systems methodology as related to critical systems thinking. External links [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Business Process Transformation, 1996. • Action research and evaluation on line, 2007. •, Business Open Learning Archive 2007. |
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